V.V. STOLYAROV, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (stolyarov_v_v@mail.ru), D.M. NEMCHINOV, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) Saratov State Technical University named after Yu.A. Gagarin (77, Polytechnicheskaya Street, Saratov, 410054, Russian Federation)

Optimization of the Number of Traffic Lanes on National and Regional Highways on the Basis of Required Reliability Level

An analysis of the risk of appearance of hindrance to traffic or partial load of a part o automobile road network has been carried out. This analysis is very important in the course of planning and optimization of development of motor road network with due regard for their functional purpose. An analysis of risk of lack or excess of traffic lanes can be an instrument of optimization. The analysis can be carried out both for daily and hourly intensity of traffic with the use of different formulas of transition. For analyzing the lack of traffic lanes with subsequent appearance of traffic blocks the risk analysis is used with application of an hour peak load. For analyzing the situation of redundancy of traffic lanes of the built motor road with partial loading the hours of non-peak loading are used. The analysis was conducted for motor road network reliability level of 0.9. The article considers the example of analysis for the part of motor road the intensity of traffic on which is close to the limit established by normative-technical documents for 4 and 6 traffic lanes.

Keywords: motor roads, analysis of risks, road construction.

References
1. Shumeiko A.N., Yurkovskii I. M., Nemchinov M.V. Avtomobil’nye dorogi Rossii. Sostoyanie i perspektivy [Russian roads. Status and prospects]. Moscow: Molodaya gvardiya, 2007. 268 p.
2. Nemchinov M.V., Nemchinov D.M., Fedorov V.E. Avtomobil’no-dorozhnye seti Rossiiskoi Federatsii [Automobile and road systems of the Russian Federation]. Cheboksary: Chuvashia Book Publishers, 2013. 247 p.
3. Stolyarov V.V. Teoriya riska v proektirovanii plana dorogi i organizatsii dvizheniya [Risk theory in the design plan of the road and traffic]. Saratov: Saratov State Technical University, 1995. 84 p.
4. Stolyarov V.V. Proektirovanie avtomobil’nykh dorog s uchetom teorii riska [Designing roads considering risk theory]. Part 1–2. Saratov: Saratov State Technical University, 1994. 184 p.; 232 p.
5. Kokodeeva NE, Talalay V.V., Kochetkov A.V., Jankowski L.V., Arzhanuhina S.P. Methodological framework for the assessment of technical risks in the road sector. Vestnik Permskogo natsional’nogo issledovatel’skogo poli tekhnicheskogo universiteta. 2011. No. 3, pp. 38-49. (In Russian).
6. Sukhov A.A., Karpeev S.V., Kochetkov A.V., Arzhanu khina S.P. Formation of the research and innovation policy road sector. Innovatsionnaya deyatel’nost’. 2010. No. 3, pp. 41. (In Russian).
7. Karpeev S.V., Sukhov A.A., Arzhanukhina S.P., Ko- kodeeva N.E. Economic efficiency of activity of road services operating control authorities in the field of adop tion of new technologies, technique and materials. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2010. No. 5, pp. 4–7. (In Russian).
8. Yankovskii L.V., Kochetkov A.V. Application geo implantatnyh designs to create ecoparkings. Ekolo giya i promyshlennost’ Rossii. 2011. No. 5, pp. 32–34. (In Russian).
9. Arzhanukhina S.P., Sukhov A.A., Kochetkov A.V. Regulatory and methodological support the development of innovation in the road sector. Innovatsii. 2011. No. 7, pp. 82–85. (In Russian).

M.S. LEBEDEV¹, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (lebedevms@mail.ru), V.V. STROKOVA¹, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), I.Yu. POTAPOVA ¹, Engineer; E.V. KOTLYARSKII² , Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (eco46@mail.ru)
1 Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov (46, Kostyukov Street, Belgorod, 308012, Russian Federation)
2 Moscow State Automobile and Road Technical University (64, Leningradsky Avenue, Moscow, 125319, Russian Federation)

Effect of Additives of CHP Low-Calcium Fly Ash on Characteristics of a Road Bitumen Binder *

A possibility of modification of a bitumen binder with fine fly ash is considered. The influence of different dosages of fly ash on properties of bitumen, which is determined according to the methods of the Russian standards, is established. It is proposed to evaluate the rheological characteristics of bitumen and mastics according to the Superpave method (USA) within the temperature interval of 46–76 ^о C. Dependences in changes both of the complex module and the parameter of rutting in the course of adding different percents of the filler are estab lished. The correlation between the rheological characteristics and results of the physical-mechanical tests carried out by Russian standards is revealed. It is shown that the introduction of 15% of fly ash makes it possible to significantly increase the temperature at which the minimum condition for rutting parameter is fulfilled. This fact can be used to predict improve ment of shear resistance of asphalt concrete mix prepared with the use of mastic with 15% fly ash content.

Keywords: fly ash, bitumen mastic, rutting, rheological characteristics.

References
1. Ovcharenko G.I., Hizhinkova E.Ju., Muzalevskaja N.V., Alekseenko V.V. Forecasting of internal strain in cement- ash composites. Vestnik Belgorodskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnologicheskogo universiteta im. V.G. Shukhova. 2010. No. 3, pp. 45–47. (In Russian).
2. Voronin P.V., Zarovnjatnyh V.A., Shikirjanskij A.M. Effective silicasand brick based on ash from power station and lime powder. Stroitel'nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2000. No. 8, pp. 24–25. (In Russian).
3. Kozhuhova N.I., Zhernovskij I.V., Strokova V.V. Assessment of biopositiveness of geopolymeric binders on the basis of low calcium fly ash. Stroitel'nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2012. No. 9, pp. 84–85. (In Russian).
4. Putilin E.I., Cvetkov V.S. Primenenie zol unosa i zoloshlakovyh smesej pri stroitel'stve avtomobil'nyh dorog: obzornaja informacija otechestvennogo i zarubezhnogo opyta primenenija othodov ot szhiganija tverdogo topliva na TJeS. [Application of fly-ash and bottom-ash mixture when road construction: review information of domestic and abroad experience of application of solid fuel combustion wastes]. Moscow: Sojuzdornii. 2003. 60 p.
5. Jarmolinskaja N.I., Cupikova L.S. Improving of resistance to corrosive attack for asphalt concrete based on power station wastes. Stroitel'nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2007. No. 9, pp. 46–47. (In Russian).
6. Zimmer F.V. Fly ash as a bituminous filler. Proceedings of the Second ash utilization symposium. 1970, pp. 49–76.
7. Rudenskaja I.M., Rudenskij A.V. Reologicheskie svojstva bitumov [Rheological properties of bitumens]. Moscow: Vysshaja shkola. 1967. 118 p.
8. Standard test method for determining rheological properties of asphalt binder using a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR). AASHTO Designation: TP5, based on SHRP Product 1007. September 1993.
9. AASHTO T315-10: Standard method of test for determining the rheological properties of asphalt binder using a dynamic shear rheometer. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. 2010. 32 p.
10. Rapoport P.B., Kochetkov A.V., Evteeva S.M., Poguljajko V.A. Standardization of bitumen indicators. Stroitel'nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2013. No. 5, pp. 14–17. (In Russian).
11. Sobolev K., Ismael F., Saha R.,Wasiuddin N.M., Saltibus N.E. The effect of fly ash on the rheological properties of bituminous materials. Fuel. Vol. 116. January 2014, pp. 471–477.

O.Yu MOSKALEV, Engineer, N.E.KOKODEEVA Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (kokodeewa@mail.ru) Saratov State Technical University named after Yu.A. Gagarin (77, Polytechnicheskaya Street, Saratov, 410054, Russian Federation)

Accounting of a “Geocells+Material” Composite Layer when Forecasting the Coefficient of Variation of Equivalent Elastic Modulus

Strength characteristics of the road pavements are reduced in the process of automobile roads operation under the impact of loads and climatic factors. This reduction leads to the change of the coefficient of variation of equivalent elastic modulus of road pavement. It is known that the use of geocells in the road pavement leads to improvement of strength charac teristics of the structure and, consequently, influences on the coefficient of variation of equivalent elastic modulus. An approach to the forecasting of the coefficient of variation of equivalent elastic modulus of the road pavement of the non-rigid type which includes the structural layer reinforced with geocells is presented. The calculation of values of this coeffi cient with due regard for the coefficient of reinforcement of different layers of road pavements with geocells is shown. Reinforcement of road pavement layers with geocells makes it possible to reduce the coefficient of variation of equivalent elastic modulus, i.e. to improve the homogeneity and therefore the durability of construction.

Keywords: road pavement, coefficient of variation, elastic modulus, reinforcement, geocells.

References
1. Guidelines for strengthening structural elements highways spatial geogrid (geosotami) (ODM 218.3.032–2013).Moscow: Federal Road Agency (Rosavtodor), 2013. 77 p. (In Russian).
2. Moskaliev O. Yu. Existing methods for estimating the life of pavements with geosynthetics. Internet Journal «NAUKOVEDENIE». 2013. No. 3. http://naukovedenie. ru/PDF/12tvn313.pdf. (Date of access: 25.06.2014). (In Russian).
3. Designing non-rigid road clothes (ODN 218.046–01). State Road Service of the Ministry of Transport RF. Moscow: Transport, 2001. 145 p. (In Russian).
4. Semenov V.A. Kachestvo i odnorodnost’ avtomobil’nykh dorog [Quality and uniformity of highways]. Moscow: Transport, 1989. 125 p.
5. Stolyarov V.V. Proektirovanie avtomobil’nykh dorog s uchetom teorii riska [Designing roads considering risk theory]. Part 1–2. Saratov: Saratov State Technical University, 1994. 184 p.; 232 p.
6. Kokodeeva N.E., Stolyarov V.V., Vasiliev Yu.E. Tekhnicheskoe regulirovanie v dorozhnom khozyaistve: monografiya. [Technical regulation in the road sector: monograph]. Saratov: Saratov State Technical University, 2011. 232 p.

A.S. FOMINA, Engineer (fominaaniuta@yandex.ru), E.E. DOLZhNIKOVA, Engineer, Saratov State Technical University named after Yu.A. Gagarin (77, Polytechnicheskaya Street, Saratov, 410054, Russian Federation)

Elastic Modulus of a Road Bed of Automobile Roads

The main attention is paid to the comparative analysis of physical-mechanical properties of salted and unsalted soils on the basis of the statistic assessment of elastic modulus obtained experimentally. The soil compaction is not only a constituent part of the technological process of road bed construction, but it is a basic operation ensuring its strength, reliability and durability. The further service of road bed and road pavement depends on the quality of execution of compaction process. Experimental studies for determining the elastic modulus of road bed on saline soils and soils without salts were conducted. The compaction level considerably depends on the soil moisture content and the best compaction is possible after pre liminary reduction of its moisture content. Under complex natural conditions the soil compaction requires special attention. In saline soils the content of salts prevents the compaction up to optimal density corresponding to the non-salted soil of the same granulometric composition. The solution of salt crystals in soil leads to formation of new pores which in unfavor able periods are filled with ground or surface water that leads to reducing the strength of road pavement and reducing the stability of roadbed slope. The number of such sections depends on the coefficient of variation and the value of mean-square deviation. The impact of water on unsalted soils changes only the moisture content, density and porosity of soil, but the impact of water on saline soils changes practically all physical properties – moisture content, density, porosity and even granulometric composition. Qualitative and quantitative influence of soil on the reduction of road bed strength under different levels of humidity is established.

Keywords: elastic modulus, saline soil, road bed, deflection, deformation, calculated loads.

References
1. Ovchinikov I.G., Raspalov O., Stolyarov V.V. Corresponds to whether the current level of road sector scientific and technological development? Transport Rossiiskoi Federatsii. 2006. No. 4, pp. 17–19. (In Russian).
2. Stolyarov V.V. Ways to implement the federal law «On technical regulation» in the field of road infrastructure. Transport Rossiiskoi Federatsii. 2006. No. 5, pp. 78–81. (In Russian).
3. Stolyarov V.V., Shmagina E.Yu. A new approach to the gamma distribution in the justification of the estimated cost of bridges. Izvestiya Orlovskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta. Ctroitel’stvo i transport. 2007. No. 3, pp. 67–69. (In Russian).
4. Kalmykov S.I., Stolyarov V.V., Glukhov A.T., Loshchi nin O.V. Theoretical aspects of environmental risk. Vestnik Saratovskogo gosagrouniversiteta imeni N.I.Vavi lova. 2009. No. 10, pp.21–27. (In Russian).
5. Stolyarov V.V., Kokodeeva N.E. Methodological support for designing pavements with non-rigid type prieneniem geomaterials based on the principles of technical regula tion (based on risk theory). Stroitel’stvo i rekonstruktsiya. 2010. No. 4, pp. 59–66. (In Russian).
6. Kokodeeva N.E. Provision of safety of auto-roads taking the theory of risk into account. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2019. No. 11, pp. 80–81. (In Russian).
7. Improved management of soil subgrade moisture in the spring of the year in order to reduce the risk of fracture non-rigid pavement type. Vestnik Saratovskogo gosudarst vennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta. 2011. Vol.1. No. 1, pp. 195–202. (In Russian).

N.I. KONSTANTINOVA¹, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering); Veber KARLO² (carlo.weber@dupont.com), Specialist in technical marketing, Department of inno- vations in construction; G.V. AFANASIEVA ³ (guzel.afanasyeva@dupont.com), Candidate of Sciences (Chemistry); Frey NORBERT² , Specialist in technical marketing, Department of innovations in construction
1 FGBU VNIIPO of EMERCOM of Russia ( Federal State-Financed Establishment «All-Russian Research Institute for Fire Protection of Ministry of Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters» (12, micro-district VNIIPO, Balashikha, 143903, Moscow Oblast, Russian Federation)
2 DuPont de Nemours (Luxembourg) S.a.r.l. L-2984 Luxembourg)
3 OOO DuPont Science and Technology (17, structure 3, Krylatskaya Street, 121614 Moscow, Russian Federation)

Research in Fire Safety of Hydro-Windproof Membranes for Enclosing Structures

A review of investigations connected with the use of hydro windproof membranes in enclosing structures is presented; results of comparative tests on evaluating the efficiency of their application conducted by different research groups are given. A methodology of tests of building materials on fire safety in Russia is considered; features of the behavior of thermally- slender materials, including polymeric membranes, under heat impact are shown. Results of tests of thin-layer polymeric materials according to the methodology of the final version of a draft GOST R “Building Materials. Methods of Tests on Ignitability under the Impact of a Small Flame (an analogue of EN ISO 11925-2 «Reaction to fire tests – Ignitability of building products, subjected to direct impingement of flame – Part 2. Singleflamesourcetest») are presented; they show a possibility to evaluate the formation of falling burning drops and the melt and to assess their fire protection; a comparative analysis of the obtained results with the results of evaluation of fire hazard of membranes according to European methods is made. Basic possible reasons for fire breaking-out in the building structure with polymeric hydro windproof membranes (not following the rules of fire safety in the course of welding, roof and other works and technical discipline) are analyzed. It is shown that the use of polymeric membranes with additional fire protection coatings (including those that don’t generate the falling of burning drops) in the composition of the building structure, in case of possible combustion, can significantly reduce the risk of the fire.

Keywords: hydro windproof membranes, efficiency of fire protection, suspended façade systems with ventilated gap, tests on combustibility by method of “small-burner” test.

References
1. Swinton M.C., Brown W.C., Chown G.A. Controlling the transfer of heat, air and moisture through the building envelope, small buildings: technology in transition. Proceedings for the Building Science Insight. 1990. Vol. 17, pp. 17–31.
2. David C. Jones, P.E., Member ASHRAE Impact of Air flow on the Thermal Performance of Various Residential Wall Systems Utilizing a Calibrated Hot Box. Thermal Envelopes VI/Heat Transfer in Walls II – Principles. 1996, pp. 247–260.
3. Briling R.E. Vozdukhopronitsaemost’ ograzhdayush- chikh konstruktsii i materialov [Air permeability of build- ing envelopes and materials]. Moscow: Gosstroiizdat, 1949.
4. Uvslokk S. The importance of the wind barriers for wood frame constructions. 8th AIVC Conference Uberlingen. Federal Republic in Germany 21–24 September 1987. Poster P11, pp. 25.1–25.7.
5. Uvslokk S. The importance of wind barriers for insulated timber frame constructions. Thermal Insulation And Building Envelopes. 1996. Vol. 20, pp. 40–62.
6. Ojanen T., Criteria for the Hydrothermal Performance of Wind Barrier Structures, Proceedings of the 3 rd Symposium Building Physics in the Nordic Countries. 1993. pp. 643–652.
7. Khasanov I.R., Kosachev A.A., Gol’tsov K.N. Features of fire risk of curtain façade system with air cavity. StroiPROFIl’. 2010. No. 3 (81), pp. 16–24 (In Russian).
8. Giletich A., Makeev A., Strekalev A. Technical regula tions in the field of fire safety. harmonization with European Standards. Pozharnoe Delo. 2011. No. 5, pp. 40–42. (In Russian).
9. Report of Ministry of Regional Development of Russian Federation concerning question of «Harmonization of Russian and European systems of normative documents in construction». (http://www.minregion.ru/uploads/at tachment/documents/2010/12/doklad-mrr-kollegiya. doc date of access 05.11.2014). (In Russian).
10. Konstantinova N.I., Molchadskii O.I., Merkulov A.A. Specificity of fire risk evaluation of polymeric fini shing materials. Pozharnaya bezopasnost’. 2011. No. 1, pp. 84–89. (In Russian).

V.A. USHKOV, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (VA.ushkov@yandex.ru), E.V. SOKOREVA, Engineer, A.M. SLAVIN, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), A.M. ORLOVA, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) Moscow State University of Civil Engineering 926, Yaroslavskoye Highway, 129337, Moscow, Russian Federation)

Thermal Resistance and Fire Hazard of Building Foam Plastics on the Basis of Reactive Oligomers
Thermal resistance, ignitability, smoke generation ability, and composition of volatile products of pyrolysis of industrial brands of resole phenoplast foams, rigid polyurethane foams, and carbamide foam plastics are considered. It is shown that the ignitability of foam plastics depends on their apparent density, chemical nature, and primary components ratio, and the composition of pyrolysis products – on the decomposition temperature and conditions of experiment conducting. The influence of phosphorus-containing fire retardants on the thermal resistance, fire hazard, and operation properties of building foam plastics on the basis of reactive oligomers has been established. An optimal concentration of phosphorus in the materi al for manufacturing medium-combustible and weakly combustible foam plastics is revealed. It is shown that reducing toxicity of pyrolysis products and combustion of medium- and weakly combustible foam plastics can be reached by additional introduction of Cu₂O, Na²MoO₄ . 2H₂O or chrome spinel into the initial composition. The combination of fire retardants with compounds mentioned above makes it possible to manufacture resole phenoplast foams, rigid polyurethane foams, and carbamide foam plastics with reduced fire hazard and high operational characteristics.

Keywords: fire retardant, pyrolysis, thermal resistance, toxicity.

References
1. Valgin V.D. Domestic energy saving technology of ther mal insulation of construction designs with use of poly foam of new generation. Plasticheskie massy. 2007. No. 10, pp. 44–48. (In Russian).
2. Klempner D. Polimernye peny i tehnologii vspenivanija [Polymeric foams and technologies of foaming]. Per. s angl. Pod red. A.M. Chebotarja. SPb. : Professija. 2009. 600 p.
3. Abdrakhmanova L.A., Mubarakshina L. F. Assessment of operational resistsnce of reinforced urea foams. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2009. No. 8, рр. 38–39.
4. Denisov A.V. Rigid polyurethane foam insulation desti nation. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2005. No. 6, pp. 21–22.
5. Gur’ev V.V. Influence of structural features of heat-insu lating materials from gas-filled plastic on their mechani cal properties. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel’stvo. 2010. No. 12, pp. 19–23. (In Russian).
6. Kiselev I.Ja. Heatphysical properties of polyfoams. Plasticheskie massy. 2003. No. 6. pp. 10–12. (In Russian).
7. Ushkov V.A., Lalajan V.M., Sokoreva E.V. Flame distri bution on a surface of construction polyfoams. Pozharovzryvobezopasnost’. 2013. No. 2, pp. 23–27. (In Russian).
8. Ushkov V.A., Brujako M.G., Sokoreva E.V., Lalajan V.M. Combustibility phosphorus-containing cutting poly foams. Pozharovzryvobezopasnost’. 2012. No. 11, pp. 35–39. (In Russian).

E.I. YUMASHEVA, Engineer Technologist (mail@rifsm.ru), OOO RIF “Stroymaterialy” (9, building 3, Dmitrovskoe Highway, 127434, Moscow, Russian Federation)

The Russian gypsum branch has reached the European technological and quality level
At the beginning of the 90th of the last century the gypsum industry was on the decline. For last years in branch there were radical restructurings: the career equipment is updated, new plants are constructed, the product range due to production of high-quality materials is expanded. Many of materials weren’t issued earlier in Russia. Gypsum industry consolidation greatly contributed the establishment in 2005 the Russian gypsum Association (RGA), which now includes more than 60 gypsum companies, equipment manufacturers, research orga nizations. The important activity of RGA is systematic carrying out the International scientific and practical conference “Increase of Production Efficiency and Use of Gypsum Materials and Products”. The seventh conference took place on September 10–12, 2014 in Nizhny Novgorod. About 250 heads and leading experts of the gypsum enterprises, the engineering companies, scientists and higher education institutes from 15 countries of the near and far abroad took part in its work.

Keywords: Russian gypsum association, conference, gypsum materials, gypsum cardboard, tongue-and-groove slabs, dry construction mixes, gypsum binder

S.V. VAVRENUK¹, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Corresponding member of RAACS, (dalniis2013@mail.ru), A.V. OGNEV², Candidate of Sciences (Physics and Mathematics), А.S. SAMARDAK ², Candidate of Sciences (Physics and Mathematics), V.G. VAVRENUK² , Candidate of Sciences(Engineering)
1 Far East research, design and institute of technology on construction of the Russian academy of architecture and construction sciences (14, Borodinskaya Street, Vladivostok, 690033, Russian Federation)
2 Far Eastern Federal University (8, Sukhanova Street, Vladivostok, 690033, Russian Federation)

The possibility of obtaining metal coatings on the concrete substrate

Protective coatings, thermal spraying, thermal evaporation in vacuum, metal film, concrete substrate, the surface topography, scanning microscopy, film thickness, adhesive contact, hydrosilicate calcium The possibility of obtaining metal coatings on the basis of concrete is investigated. The process of formation of thin metal films on the concrete substrate obtained by the method of thermal evaporation in high vacuum is studied. It is established that the formation of metal films on the surface of the cement stone is conglomerates rounded size from 0.5 to 5 microns, consisting of crystallite size 1–20 nm. Topography of metal films follows the relief (morphology) of the substrate, and the distribution of films on the surface of cement samples depends on its thickness. It is revealed that under the metal film is formed “loose weight” out of calcium hydro preventing a strong adhesive bond metals with cement stone. And this applies to films, obtained by any other method. On the basis of the researches concluded that without solving the problem of neutralization deacestea phases (for instance, on the surface of the cement matrix intermediate layer of precursor surface of silicate that can interact with sinocentrism components of a cement stone with the formation of neutral calcium silicates, resistant to hydrolysis) investigations in the field of production of metallic coatings on concrete are hopeless.

Keywords: protective coatings, thermal spraying, thermal evaporation in vacuum, metal film, concrete substrate, the surface topography, scanning microscopy, film thickness, adhesive contact, hydrosilicate calcium, precursors.

References
1. Akulova M.V., Fedosov S.V. Plazmennaya metallizatsiya betonov [Plasma metallization of concrete]. M.: ASV, 2003. 120 p.
2. Immortal V.S., Lyashko A.A., Panasenko V.A. Plasma metallization of products from concrete. Тhe International magazine of applied and basic researches. 2011. No. 11, рр. 45–47.
3. Dyumina P.S., Immortal V.S., Sokolov O.N. Energy sav ing technologies of receiving protective and decorative coverings on products from concrete a method of plasma processing. Тhe International magazine of applied and ba sic researches. 2013 . No. 11, рр. 269–270.

L.A. OPARINA (l.a.oparina@gmail.com), Candidate of Sciences (Economics), Ivanovo State Polytechnic University (20, 8 Marta Street, 153037, Ivanovo, Russian Federation)

Accounting for Power Consumption of Building Materials at Different Stages of Life Cycle of Buildings*

The actuality of the problem of accounting for energy resources consumption at all stages of the life cycle of buildings including the recycling of building materials after the dismantling of a building is identified. The solution of this problem makes it possible to reduce the energy consumption of building materials. The author establishes that the information support is necessary for solving this problem, namely, creating a database on power consumption of building materials. Manufacturers of building materials can become sources of these data. For this purpose, they should specify both data on manufacturing and transportation of building materials and structures and data on power consumption for their mounting, repair, recon struction, utilization, and also recycling. That’s why, for developing the conceptual apparatus the author offers a new definition – “power consumption of building materials”.

Keywords: power consumption of building materials, life cycle, construction, utilization, recycling, information database.

References
1. Telichenko V.I. From ecological and «green» building to ecological safety of construction. Industrial and civil engi neering. 2011. No. 2, pp. 47–51. (In Russian).
2. Lavrova N.M., Platov N.A. Problems of ecological safety of the enterprises of the construction industry. Vestnik MGSU. 2011. No. 5, pp. 204–207. (In Russian).
3. Oparina L.A. Imitating modeling of energy consumption by buildings during life cycle on the basis of the office of stochastic aggregate systems. Zhilishchnoe stroitel’stvo [Housing construction]. 2013. No. 8, pp. 22–24. (In Russian).
4. Oparina L.A. Results of calculation of power consump tion of life cycle of buildings. Zhilishchnoe stroitel’stvo [Housing construction]. 2013. No. 11, pp. 50–52. (In Russian).
5. Aleksanin A.V., Sborshhikov S.B. Use of logistic ap proach for improvement of the market of secondary con struction production. Vestnik MGSU. 2013. No. 5, pp. 193–199. (In Russian).
6. Kusina O.V. Management of energy saving in construc tion branch. Stroyprofi: Internet magazine. 2013. No. 4 (13). http://stroy-profi .info/archive/11313 (date of access 19.09.2014).
7. Oparina L.A., Zayanchukovskaya N.V., Lykova I.N. Creation of a relational database of power consumption of construction materials. Construction and reconstruction. 2013. No. 6 (50), pp. 78–81. (In Russian).

E.V. KOROLEV, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (korolev@nocnt.ru), Director Research and Education Center «Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology» Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (26, Yaroslavskoe Highway, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation)

Nanotechnology in material science. Analysis of achievements and current state

In year 2006, the prefix “Nano” was used for the first time in articles which were published in “Building Materials” journal. During past eight years there was an increasing attention to problem of nanotechnology application for enhancement of various building materials. The total number of publications is more than 190 now. The set of publications can be partitioned into several subsets. In the one subset there are articles which can be considered as precursory works; these articles were devoted to discussion concerning methods which, if they are properly analytically and technologically enhanced, can become methods of nanotechnology and provide the way for “green” nanotechnology. The analytical reviews, articles devoted to theoretical investigations and empirical studies are falling into different subsets. To ease the further analysis, the articles can be classified by different criteria: methods of structure formation control; effectiveness of various treatments; objects of study. The performed classification and analysis allow to conclude that at the present time nanotechnology in construction is under active development – the empirical material begins to transform into scientific concepts and algorithms. The basic tasks of the medium-term development of nanotechnology in the material science are formulated also.

Keywords: nanotechnology, nanomodification, nanostructuting, building materials, constructional composites, raw nanomaterials, structure formation.

References
1. Usachev S.M., Pertsev V.T. Implementation of nano technological approach for vibro-pressed concrete. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2007. No. 1, pp. 45–48. (In Russian).
2. Sokov V.N., Beglyarov A.E. Efficient three-layer mon lithic products with a nano-structured transition layer. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2013. No. 11, pp. 41–43. (In Russian).
3. Shaibadullina A.V., Yakovlev G.I., Burdin V.S. Research of the electromagnetic absorption of finish facade com position modified with carbon nanotubes. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2013. No. 2, pp. 41–43. (In Russian).
4. Gaitova A.R., Ahmadulina I.I., Pechenkina T.V., Pudovkin A.N., Nedoseko I.V. Nanostructural aspects of hydration and hardening gypsum ang slag gypsum compositions on based plaster dehydrate. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2014. No. 1–2, pp. 46–51. (In Russian).
5. Tret’yakov Yu.D. Problems of development of nano technology in Russia and abroad. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2006. No. 12, pp. 17–20. (In Russian).
6. Berdov G.I., Zyryanova V.N., Mashkin A.N., Khritan kov V.F. Nanoprocesses in construction materials. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2008. No. 7, pp. 76–80. (In Russian).
7. Zhernovsky I.V., Strokova V.V. Some issues of concep tual apparatus of nano-systematic building materials science. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2012. No. 3, pp. 8–10. (In Russian).
8. Modern Encyclopedic Dictionary. Moscow: Great Russian Encyclopedia, 1997. OCR Palek, 1998. 5110 p.
9. The explanatory dictionary of foreign words. Ed. Krysi na L.P. Moscow: Russkiy Yazik, 1998.
10. Danilov A.M., Korolev E.V., Gar’kina I.A. Building materials as a system. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2006. No. 7, pp. 55–57. (In Russian).
11. Lesovik V.S., Strokova V.V. On the development of a scientific direction «Nanosystems in building materials». Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2006. No. 9. Application Nauka No. 8, pp. 18–20. (In Russian).
12. Bazhenov Yu.M., Korolev E.V. Nanotechnology and nanomodification in construction materials. Foreign and domestic experience. Vestnik Belgorodskogo gosudarst vennogo tekhnologicheskogo universiteta im. V.G. Shu khova. 2007. No. 2, pp. 17–22. (In Russian).
13. Korolev E.V. Principle of realization of nanotechnology in building materials science. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2013. No. 6, pp. 60–64. (In Russian).
14. Kuz’mina V.P. Mechanical activation of cement. Stroitel’ nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2006. No. 5. Application Technology. No. 7, pp. 7–9. (In Russian).
15. Korolev A.S., Zyryanov F.A., Trofimov B.Ya. Fast harden ing composite binders based on Portland cement and binder of low water demand. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2007. No. 4, pp. 72–73. (In Russian).
16. Kuz’mina V.P. Mechanical activation of materials for construction. Cement. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2007. No. 6, pp. 74–75. (In Russian).
17. Garkavi M.S., Khripacheva I.S. Mixed cements of cen trifugal-impact grinding on the basis of blast-furnace dump slag. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2010. No. 8, pp. 40–41. (In Russian).
18. Vavrenyuk S.A., Avramenko V.A., Alikovsky A.V., Mayo rov V.Yu., Mikhaylova N.N. Influence of organic silicone compounds of non-functional type on grinding of port land-cement clinker. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2013. No. 12, pp. 78–80. (In Russian).
19. Kuz’mina V.P. Mechanic-activated colored cement. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2006. No. 7, pp. 25–27. (In Russian).
20. Lesovik V.S., Zhernovoi F.E., Glagolev E.S. The use of natural perlite in mixed cements composition. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2009. No. 6, pp. 84– 87. (In Russian).
21. Kuz’mina V.P. Mechanical activation of materials for construction. Lime. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2007. No. 10, pp. 38–39. (In Russian).
22. Vishnevskii A.A. New features accelerate the production of liquid glass at atmospheric pressure. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2006. No. 1, pp. 48– 49. (In Russian).
23. Urkhanova L.A., Sodmonov A.E. Kostromin N.N. Ways to increase the efficiency of building materials based on activated binders. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2006. No. 1, pp. 34–35. (In Russian).
24. Urkhanova L.A., Balkhanova E.D. Preparation of composite aluminosilicate binders based on volcanic rocks. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2006. No. 5, pp. 51–53. (In Russian).
25. Gurevich B.I., Kalinkin A.M., Kalinkina E.V., Tyukavkina V.V. The influence of mechanical activation conditions on binding properties of diopside. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2006. No. 6, pp. 28–31. (In Russian).
26. Tikhomirova I.N., Makarov A.V. Mechanical activation of lime-quartz binders. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2012. No. 9, pp. 4–7. (In Russian).
27. Tikhomirova I.N., Makarov A.V. Mechanism of phase formation and hardening of mechanically activated lime-quartz mixes in the course of heat-humidity treatment. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2013. No. 1, pp. 44–49. (In Russian).
28. Panina A.A., Kornilov A.V., Lygina T.Z. Activation disperse mineral fillers for Portland-cement. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2013. No. 12, pp. 74–75. (In Russian).
29. Zhernovskii I.V., Strokova V.V., Bondarenko A.I., Kozhukhova N.I., Sobolev K.G. Structural transformations of silica raw material in the course of mechanical activation. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2012. No. 10, pp. 56–58. (In Russian).
30. Shlegel’ I.F., Shaevich G.Ya., Karabut L.A., Astaf’ev V.A., Ushakov A.P., Andrianov A.V. Line of activation of raw materials SHL-340. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2006. No. 2, pp. 26–27. (In Russian).
31. Kuz’mina V.P. The technology of manufacture of premixes and their impact on product quality. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2006. No. 3, pp. 26–28. (In Russian).
32. Guyumdzhyan P.P., Kashnikova M.L., Kuligina T.N. The use of waste asbestos industry. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2006. No. 9, pp. 20–21. (In Russian).
33. Khardaev P.K., Gonchikova E.V., Ubonov A.V. Mixed binders based on the volcanic rocks of Transbaikalia. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2007. No. 7, pp. 80–81. (In Russian).
34. Luk’yanenko V.V., Kostina N.V. Influence of activation on properties of building mortars. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2011. No. 5, pp. 22–23. (In Russian).
35. Gusev B.V., Ien-Lyan S. IN, Krivoborodov Yu.R. Increased in activity of ash-containing cements and concretes on their basis. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2012. No. 8, pp. 60–61. (In Russian).
36. Lapshin V.B., Bobrova N.V., Guyumdzhyan P.P. Mechanical activation of building compositions on the basis of polyvinylchloride. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2009. No. 10, pp. 48–49. (In Russian).
37. Ivanova T.L., Prokopets V.S. Mechanically activated rubber powder for asphalt. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2008. No. 8, pp. 82–83. (In Russian).
38. Trautvain A.I., Yadykina V.V., Gridchin A.M. Improvement of reactionary capacity of fillers as a result of grinding. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2010. No. 12, pp. 82–85. (In Russian).
39. Prokopets V.S., Karamyshev I.M. Modern lines of improvement of quality and efficiency of road building materials. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2011. No. 2, pp. 38–39. (In Russian).
40. Trautvain A.I., Yadykina V.V., Gridchin A.M. Features of mechanical activated mineral powders. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2011. No. 11, pp. 32–34. (In Russian).
41. Kakoshko E.S. Improving the quality ceramic brick by microbiological treatment of raw materials. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2007. No. 2, pp. 76–78. (In Russian).
42. Urkhanova L.A., Sodmonov A.E. Regulation of the physical and mechanical properties of composite materials by mechanochemical activation binders. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2007. No. 11, pp. 42–43. (In Russian).
43. Shoeva T.E., Baev S.V., Kamenskii Yu.D. Fine concrete on the basis of mabm made of natural and anthropogenic raw materials of Tyva. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2011. No. 9, pp. 36–38. (In Russian).
44. Zhernovsky I.V., Osadchaya M.S., Cherevatova A.V., Strokova V.V. Aluminum-silicate nano-structured binder on the basis of granite raw materials. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2014. No. 1–2, pp. 38–41. (In Russian).
45. Smolikov A.A., Ogrel L.Yu., Vezentsev A.I. Nanotubular filler on the basis of chrysotile for heat resistant composites. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2009. No. 8, pp. 81–83. (In Russian).
46. MIroshnikov E.V., Strokova V.V., Cherevatova A.V., Pavlenko N.V. A nanostructured perlite binder and foam concrete on its base. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2010. No. 9, pp. 105–106. (In Russian).
47. Cherkasov V.D., Buzulukov V.I., Yurkin Yu.V., Savchenkova G.A., Artamonova T.A. A Filler with chemically modified surface for incurable sealants. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2011. No. 2, pp. 52–54. (In Russian).
48. Sagdatullin D.G., Morozova N.N., Khozin V.G., Vlasov V.V. High-strength gypsum cement zeolite binder. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2010. No. 2, pp. 53–55. (In Russian).
49. Babaev V.B., Nelyubova V.V., Zhernovsky I.V. Thermal treatment of basalt fiber as a method of improving its alkali resistance. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2013. No. 10, pp. 58–61. (In Russian).
50. Erofeev V.T., Mitina E.A., Matvievskii A.A., Osipov A.K., Emel’yanov D.V., Yudin P.V. Composite construction materials grouted by activated water. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2007. No. 11, pp. 56–57. (In Russian).
51. Kasatkina V.I., Fedosov S.V., Akulova M.V. Influence mechanomagnetic activation of water systems on the properties of concrete. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2007. No. 11, pp. 58–59. (In Russian).
52. Fedosov S.V., Ibragimov A.M., Redkina A.S., Nesterov S.A. Control over thermal processes taking place in the body of monolithic reinforced concrete structure during winter concreting. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2010. No. 3, pp. 49–51. (In Russian).
53. Akimov A.E., Yadykina V.V., Gridchin A.M. The use of shf currents for improvement of road bitumen characteristics. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2010. No. 1, pp. 12–16. (In Russian).
54. Yadykina V.V., Akimov A.E., Gridchin A.M. SHFactivation of bitumen as a method of improvement of physico-mechanical and operating parameters of asphalt concrete. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2010. No. 5, pp. 20–21. (In Russian).
55. Khaydarov Sh.Kh., Kornilov A.V., Lygina T.Z., Permyakov E.N. electrokinetic dewatering of slip. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2010. No. 9, pp. 66–67. (In Russian).
56. Yadykina V.V., Lukash E.A. organomineral composites for road construction on the basis of modified fillers. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2009. No. 11, pp. 46–48. (In Russian).
57. Ayupov D.A., Murafa A.V., Khakimullin Yu.N. Modification of road bitumen with radiation regenerates of butyl rubbers. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2009. No. 12, pp. 44–45. (In Russian).
58. Loganina V.I., Petukhova N.A. Organic-additive for polystyrene paints. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2008. No. 2, pp. 44–45. (In Russian).
59. Kalashnikov V.I., Moroz M.N., Khudyakov V.A. Nanotechnology of a gidrofobization of mineral powders stearates of metals. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2008. No. 7, pp. 44–47. (In Russian).
60. Moroz M.N., Kalashnikov V.I., Khudyakov V.A., Vasilik P.G. Water-resistant fine concrete hydrophobized with nanoparticles of calcium stearate. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2009. No. 8, pp. 55–57. (In Russian).
61. Chagaev S.V., Musin I.N., Kimelblat V.I. Filled modified polyolefin elastomeric compositions for construction. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2009. No. 10, pp. 50–52. (In Russian).
62. Lukuttsova N.P., Pykin A.A., Karpikov E.G. Features of structure formation of cement stone with a carbon-siliceous nanodisperse additive. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2011. No. 9, pp. 66–67. (In Russian).
63. Strokova V.V., Cherevatova A.V., Zhernovsky I.V., Voytovich E.V.Peculiarities of phase formation in a composite nanostructured gypsum binder. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2012. No. 7, pp. 9–11. (In Russian).
64. Petropavlovskaya V.B., Buryanov A.F., Novichencova T.B., Yakovlev G.I. The modified gipsym materials of condensation solidification. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2014. No. 1–2, pp. 42–45. (In Russian).
65. Salakhov A.M., Livada A.N., Salakhova R.A. Nanotechnology – a guarantee of the desired properties of ceramic materials. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2008. No. 4, pp. 27–29. (In Russian).
66. Volodchenko A.N., Lesovik V.S. Silicate autoclave materials from nanodisperse raw materials. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2008. No. 11, pp. 42–43. (In Russian).
67. Lukuttsova N.P. Nanomodifying additives to concrete. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2010. No. 9, pp. 101–104. (In Russian).
68. Strokova V.V., Solov’eva L.N., Maksakov A.V., Ogurtsova Yu.N. Mechanism of structure formation of building composites with a granulated nanostructuring filler. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2011. No. 9, pp. 64–65. (In Russian).
69. Veshnyakova L.A., Frolova M.A., Ayzenshtadt A.M., Lesovik V.S., Makhova T.A. Evaluation of energetic state of raw material for production of building materials. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2012. No. 10, pp. 53–55. (In Russian).
70. Lesovik V.S., Frolova M.A., Ayzenshtadt A.M. Surface activity of rocks. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2013. No. 11, pp. 71–72. (In Russian).
71. Tutygin A.S., Ayzenshtadt A.M., Lesovik V.S., Frolova M.A., Bobrova M.P. Design of compositions of building composites with due regard for thermodynamic compatibility of fine grained systems of rocks. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2013. No. 3, pp. 74–75. (In Russian).
72. Grishina A.N., Korolev E.V. Durability of water glass composites hardened with ferroboron slag. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2012. No. 6, pp. 68–70. (In Russian).
73. Lesovik V.S., Vysotskaya M.A., Yadykina V.V., Kukhnetsov D.A. Nanotechnology in the road construction industry. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2007. No. 1, pp. 52–53. (In Russian).
74. Khvostenkov S.I. Intensification of production of autoclave materials by mechano-chemical activation of raw mixes. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2007. No. 12, pp. 8–11. (In Russian).
75. Artamonova A.V. Optimization of physical and technical properties of the cement produced in the centrifugal and shock mill. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2008. No. 11, pp. 70–71. (In Russian).
76. Ogrel L.Yu., Strokova V.V., LI Yaho, Zang Baode Inheritance of structure of nanodimensional inorganic fillers by polymer composites. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2009. No. 9, pp. 75–77. (In Russian).
77. Pavlenko N.V., Cherevatova A.V., Strokova V.V. Features of production of rational porous structure of foam concrete on the basis of nanostructured binder. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2009. No. 10, pp. 33–36. (In Russian).
78. Sukhanov A.S., Lupanov A.P., Silkin A.V., Kobdratieva T.N. Production of activated mineral powder in centrifugal- impact mill. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2009. No. 11, pp. 12–14. (In Russian).
79. Voytovich V.A., Khryapchenkov I.N., Yavorsky A.A. Nanotechnology in production of silicate brick. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2010. No. 2, pp. 60–61. (In Russian).
80. Strokova V.V., Pavlenko N.V., Miroshnikov E.I. Complex system of monitoring and control over the process of a nanostructured binder obtaining. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2011. No. 5, pp. 54–56. (In Russian).
81. Verkhovskii A.A., Nanasov I.I., Elizarova E.V., Gal’tsev D.I., Shcheredin V.V. Multifunctional glass as a factor of energy saving. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2012. No. 6, pp. 44–46. (In Russian).
82. Nelyubova V.V., Zhernovskii I.V., Strokova V.V., Bezrodnykh M.V. Silicate materials of autoclave hardening with a nanostructured modifier under conditions of high-temperature effects. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2012. No. 9, pp. 8–9. (In Russian).
83. Kalashnikov V.I. What is the powder-activated concrete of new generation. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2012. No. 10, pp. 70–71. (In Russian).
84. Veshnyakova L.A., Frolova M.A., Aizenshtadt A.M., Lesovik V.S., Mikhailova O.N., Makhova T.A. Evaluation of energetic state of raw material for production of building materials. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2012. No. 10, pp. 53–55. (In Russian).
85. Strokova V.V., Zhernovskii I.V., Maksakov A.V., Solov’eva L.N., Ogurtsova Yu.N. Express-method for determination of activity of silicious raw material for production of a granulated nanostructuring filler. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2013. No. 1, pp. 38–39. (In Russian).
86. Strokova V.V., Zhernovskii I.V., Ogurtsova Yu.N., Maksakov A.V. Peculiarities of design of construction materials involving granular nanostructured aggregate. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2013. No. 2, pp. 16–19. (In Russian).
87. Gordina A.F., Tokarev Yu.V., Yakovlev G.I., Kerene Ya., Spudulis E. Differences in forming the structure of gypsum binder modified by carbon nanotubes and lime. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2013. No. 2, pp. 34–37. (In Russian).
88. Morsi M., Elkodari S.A., Shebl S.S. Synthesis and characterization of thermally stable carbon nano-tubes using arcdischarge technique. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2013. No. 2, pp. 44–47. (In Russian).
89. Shlegel’ I.F. About the structure of clays. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2013. No. 6, pp. 56. (In Russian).
90. Selyaev V.P., Neverov V.A., Mashtaev O.G., Sidorov V.V. Microstructure of heat insulation materials on the basis of fine-dispersed mineral powders. Stroitel’ nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2013. No. 8, pp. 79–80. (In Russian).
91. Tutygin A.S., Ayzenshtadt A.M., Lesovik V.S., Frolova M.A., Bobrova M.P. Design of compositions of building composites with due regard for thermodynamic compatibility of fine grained systems of rocks. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2013. No. 3, pp. 74–75. (In Russian).
92. Falikman V.R. Nanomaterials and nanotechnologies in manufacturing building materials. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2013. No. 9, pp. 77–81. (In Russian).
93. Eberhardsteiner J., Lahayne O. Nano-tests on concrete samples with and without nanotubes. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2014. No. 1–2, pp. 21–24. (In Russian).
94. Strokova V.V., Nelubova V.V., Danakin N.S., Vasneva V.A. Experience of Implementation of continuous training of specialists «school – university – enterprise» in the field of nanosystems in building materials. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2014. No. 6, pp. 25–30. (In Russian).
95. Skripnikova N.K., Sazonova N.A. Strength of cement stone on the basis of a nano-structured binding agent. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2014. No. 6, pp. 38–40. (In Russian).
96. Mchedlov-Petrosyan O.P. Khimiya neorganicheskikh stroitel’nykh materialov [Chemistry of inorganic building materials]. Moscow: Publishing house of literature on construction, 1971. 224 p.
97. Melikhov I.V. Fiziko-khimicheskaya evolyutsiya tverdogo veshchestva [Physical and chemical evolution of the solid]. Moscow: Binom. Laboratoriya znanii, 2010. 310 p.
98. Korolev E.V., Bazhenov Yu.M., Beregovoi V.A. Modification of building materials nanocarbon tubes and fullerenes. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2006. No. 9. Application Nauka No. 8, pp. 2–4. (In Russian).
99. Lotov V.A. Nanoparticle systems in construction of materials and products. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2006. No. 9. Application Nauka No. 8, pp. 5–7. (In Russian).
100. Nasedkin V.V. Bentonite as a natural nanomaterial in construction. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2006. No. 9. Application Nauka No. 8, pp. 8–10. (In Russian).
101. Research and technology of cement and materials based on it at the nanoscale. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2007. No. 1, pp. 50–51. (In Russian).
102. Ponomarev A.N. Nanoconcrete: concept and problems. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2007. No. 6, pp. 69–70. (In Russian).
103. Duguev S.V., Ivanova V.B. Thin and superthin grinding of hard materials – the way to nanotechnology. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2007. No. 11, pp. 29–31. (In Russian).
104. Chernyshov E.M., Artamonova O.V., Korotkikh D.N., Makeev A.I., Potamoshneva N.D., Slavcheva G.S. Nanochemistry applications in solid-state technology of building materials: scientific engineering problem, direction and implementation examples. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2008. No. 2, pp. 32–36. (In Russian).
105. Khozin V.G., Nizamov R.K. Polymer nanocomposites for construction purpose. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2009. No. 8, pp. 32–35. (In Russian).
106. Kalashnikov V.I. Terminology of science of new generation of concrete. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2011. No. 3, pp. 103–106. (In Russian).
107. Abdrakhmanova L.A. Nanomodifiers for building materials on the basis of linear and cross-linked polymers. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2011. No. 7, pp. 61–63. (In Russian).
108. Tolmachev S.N., Belichenko E.A. Improvement of durability of heavy concrete by complex activation of structural levels. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2012. No. 9, pp. 76–78. (In Russian).
109. Bazhenov Yu.M., Korolev E.V. Estimation of technical and economic efficiency of nanotechnologies in building materiology. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2009. No. 6, pp. 66–67. (In Russian).
110. Korotkikh D.N. Disperse reinforcement of concrete structure at multilevel cracks formation. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2011. No. 3, pp. 96– 99. (In Russian).
111. Bazhenov Yu.M., Chernyshov E.M., Korotkikh D.N. Designing of modern concrete structures: determining principles and technological platforms. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2014. No. 3, pp. 6–14. (In Russian).
112. Artamonova O.V., Chernyshov E.M. Concepts and bases of technologies of nano-modification of building composite structures. part 1. general problems of fundamentality, main direction of investigations and developments. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2013. No. 9, pp. 82–90. (In Russian).
113. Chernyshev E.M., Artamonova O.V., Slavcheva G.S. Conceptions and bases of nano-modification technologies of building composites structures . Part 2: On the problem of conceptual models of nano-modifying the structure. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2014. No. 4, pp. 73–83. (In Russian).
114. Gabidullin M.G., Khuzin A.F., Rakhimov R.Z., Tkachev A.G., Mikhaleva Z.A., Tolchkov Yu.N. Ultrasound treatment is an efficient method of dispersion of carbon nanotubes in a volume of a building composite. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2013. No. 3, pp. 57–59. (In Russian).
115. Yakovlev G.I., Politaeva A.I., Shaibadullina A.V., Gordina A.F., Abaltusova T.A., Fedorova G.D. Stability of aqueous dispersions of multi-walled carbon nano tubes. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2013. No. 1–2, pp. 8–11. (In Russian).
116. Korolev E.V., Kuvshinova M.I. Parameters of ultrasound for homogenization of disperse system with nanosized modifiers. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2010. No. 9, pp. 85–88. (In Russian).
117. Korolev E.V., Inozemtsev A.S. Efficiency of physical influences for dispersion of nano-sized modifiers. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2012. No. 4, pp. 76–79. (In Russian).
118. Ultrasound. Small Encyclopedia.Ed. Golyamina I.P. Moscow: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1979. 400 p.
119. Korolev E.V. Assessment of primary nano-materials concentration for modification of building composites. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2014. No. 6, pp. 31–34. (In Russian).
120. Maeva I.S., Yakovlev G.I., Pervushin G.N., Buryanov A.F., Pustovgar A.P. Structuring of anhydrite matrix with nanodisperse modifying additives. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2009. No. 6, pp. 4–5. (In Russian).
121. Yakovlev G.I., Pervushin G.N., Maeva I.S., Korzhenko A., Buryanov A.F., Machyulaytis R. Modification of anhydrite compositions with multilayer carbon nanotubes. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2010. No. 7, pp. 25–27. (In Russian).
122. Petropavlovskaya V.B., Belov V.V., Novichenkova T.B., Burianov A.F. Regularities of Influence of grain composition on properties of raw mixes of pressed gypsum materials. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2011. No. 6, pp. 6–7. (In Russian).
123. Gonchikova E.V., Arkhincheeva N.V., Dorzhieva E.V. Nanomodification of cement stone by introduction of multicomponent sol. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2011. No. 9, pp. 68–69. (In Russian).
124. Nelubova V.V., Strokova V.V., Pavlenko N.V., Zhernovsky I.V. Construction composites using of nanostructured binder based on raw of varying genetic types. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2013. No. 2, pp. 11–15. (In Russian).
125. Lesovik V.V., Potapov V.V., Alfimova N.I., Ivashova O.V. Improvement of efficiency of binders using nanomodifiers. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2011. No. 12, pp. 60–61. (In Russian).
126. Pavlenko N.V., Bukhalo A.B., Strokova V.V., Nelubova V.V., Sumin A.V. Nanocrystalline components based modified binder for cellular composites. Stroitel’ nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2013. No. 2, pp. 20–24. (In Russian).
127. Gordina A.F., Polyanskikh I.S., Tokarev Yu.V., Bur’yanov A.F., Sen’kov S.A. Waterproof gypsum materials modified by cement, microsilica, and nanostructures. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2014. No. 6, pp. 35–37. (In Russian).
128. Shapovalov N.A., Strokova V.V., Cherevatova A.V. Optimization of the structure of nanosystems on the example of highly concentrated ceramic binder suspensions. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2006. No. 9. Application Nauka No. 8, pp. 16–17. (In Russian).
129. Khozin V.G., Starovoitova I.A., Maisuradze N.V., Zykova E.S., Khalikova R.A., Korzhenko A.A., Trineeva V.V., Yakovlev G.I. Nanomodification of polymer binders for constructional composites. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2006. No. 9, pp. 4–10. (In Russian).
130. Vysotskaya M.A., Kuznetsov D.A., Barabash D.E. Nano-structured road building materials on the basis of organic binders. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2013. No. 12, pp. 63–64. (In Russian).
131. Starovoitova I.A., Khozin V.G., Korzhenko A.A., Khalikova R.A., Zykova E.S. Structure formation in organic- inorganic multiwall carbon nanotubes modified binders. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2014. No. 1–2, pp. 12–20. (In Russian).
132. Pukharenko Yu.V., Nikitin V.A., Letenko D.G. Nanostructuring gauging water as a way to increase the efficiency of concrete plasticizers. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2006. No. 9. Application Nauka No. 8, pp. 11–13. (In Russian).
133. Loganina V.I., Davydova O.A., Simonov E.E. Investigation of regularities of influence of silicic acid sol on structure and properties of diatomite. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2011. No. 12, pp. 63–64. (In Russian).
134. Korolev E.V., Grishina A.N. Development and research of a nanodimensional stabilizer additive for foams based on synthetic foamers for foam concretes. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2013. No. 2, pp. 30–33. (In Russian).
135. Grishina A.N., Korolev E.V., Satyukov A.B. Synthesis and study of stability of barium hydrosilicate sols. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2013. No. 9, pp. 91–93. (In Russian).
136. Aleksandrov G.N., Fedorova G.D. Microscopic research of multiwalled carbon nanotubes dispersion. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2014. No. 1–2, pp. 25–29. (In Russian).
137. Komokhov P.G. Sol-gel as the concept of nanotechnology cement composite. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2006. No. 9. Application Nauka No. 8, pp. 14–15. (In Russian).
138. Yudovich M.E., Ponomarev A.N., Velikorussov P.V., Emelin S.V. Regulation of the properties and durability of concrete. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2007. No. 1, pp. 56–57. (In Russian).
139. Strokova V.V., Cherevatova A.V., Nelyubova V.V. Autoclave silicate materials based on a highly concentrated suspension of binder. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2007. No. 10, pp. 16–17. (In Russian).
140. Strokova V.V., Bukhalo A.V. Foam-gas-concrete on nanocrystalline porogen. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2008. No. 1, pp. 38–39. (In Russian).
141. Yudovich M.E., Ponomarev A.N., Gareev S.I. Surfaceactive properties of the modified plasticizing. Stroitel’- nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2008. No. 3, pp. 44–45. (In Russian).
142. Yakovlev G.I., Pervushin G.N., Krutikov G.A., Makarova I.S., Kerene Ya., Fisher Kh.-B., Bur’yanov A.F. Aerated concrete based on fluorine anhydrite modified carbon nanostructures. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2008. No. 3, pp. 70–72. (In Russian).
143. Yakovlev G.I., Pervushin G.N., Buryanov A.F., Kodolov V.I., Krutikov V.A., Fisher H.-B., Kerene Ya. Modification of porous cement matrixes with carbon nanotubes. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2009. No. 3, pp. 99–102. (In Russian).
144. Vaganov V.E., Zakharov V.D., Baranova Yu.V., Zakrevskaya L.V., Abramov D.V., Nogtev D.S., Koziy V.N. Structure and properties of cellular gas concrete modified with carbon nanostructures. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2010. No. 9, pp. 59–61. (In Russian).
145. Tolmachev S.N., Belichenko E.A., Kholodny A.G. Technological, mechanical and structural characteristics of cement systems with carbon colloidal particles. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2010. No. 9, pp. 96–100. (In Russian).
146. Yakovlev G.I., Pervushin G.N., Korzhenko A., Burianov A.F., Pudov I.A., Lushnikova A.A. Modification of cement concretes with multilayer carbon nanotubes. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2011. No. 2, pp. 47–51. (In Russian).
147. Tolmachev S.N., Belichenko E.A., Mis’ko T.M. Research in mechanism of structure formation of pressed cement-sand concretes with carbon nanoparticles. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2011. No. 9, pp. 61–63. (In Russian).
148. Ezerskii V.A., Monastyrev P.V., Kuznetsova N.V., Sterkhov I.I. Prospects of the use of nano-modified concrete. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2011. No. 9, pp. 70–71. (In Russian).
149. Yakovlev G.I., Pervushin G.N., Pudov I.A., Dulesova I.G., Burianov A.F., Saber M.Structuring of cement binding matrixes with multi-layer carbon nanotubes. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2011. No. 11, pp. 22–24. (In Russian).
150. Urkhanova L.A., Lkhasaranov S.A., Bardakhanov S.P. Heavy-duty concrete with composite binder. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2012. No. 3, pp. 23– 25. (In Russian).
151. Pavlenko N.V., Strokova V.V., Cherevatova A.V., Zhernovskii I.V., Nelyubova V.V., Kapusta M.N. Efficiency of using the nanostructured binder for production of cellular concretes. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2012. No. 6, pp. 12–13. (In Russian).
152. Yakovlev G.I., Pervushin G.N., Korzhenko A., Buryanov A.F., Keriene JA.К., Maeva I.S., Chazeev D.R., Pudov I.A., Senkov S.A. Applying multi-walled carbon nanotubes dispersions in producing autoclaved silicate cellular concrete. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2013. No. 2, pp. 25–29. (In Russian).
153. Fedorova G.D., Savvina A.E., Yakovlev G.I., Maeva I.S., Senkov S.A. Estimation of the multifunctional modifier of PFM-NLK concrete as surfactantat carbon nanotubes dispersion. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2013. No. 2, pp. 48–51. (In Russian).
154. Yakovlev G.I., Pervushin G.N., Keriene Ja., Poliyanskich I.S., Pudov I.A., Chazeev D.R., Senkov S.A. Complex additive based on carbon nanotubes and silica fume for modifying autoclaved aerated gas silicate. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2014. No. 1–2, pp. 3–7. (In Russian).
155. Inozemtcev A.S., Korolev E.V. Structuring and properties of the structural high-strength lightweight concretes with nanomodifier BisNanoActivus. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2014. No. 1–2, pp. 33–37. (In Russian).
156. Kalashnikov V.I., Erofeev V.T., Moroz M.N., Troyanov I.Yu., Volodin V.M., Suzdal’tsev O.V. Nanohydrosilicate technologies in concrete production. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2014. No. 5, pp. 88– 91. (In Russian).
157. Yakovlev G.I., Pervushin G.N., Polyanskikh I.S., Senkov S.A., Pudov I.A., Mohamed A.E. Concrete of enhanced durability for production of pillars of power lines. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2014. No. 5, pp. 92–94. (In Russian).
158. Khamova T.V., Shilova O.A., Vlasov D.Yu., Mikhal’ chuk V.M., Frank-Kamenetskaya O.V., Marugin A.M., Dolmatov V.Yu. Bioactive micro- and nanocomposites for building materials formed sol-gel method. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2007. No. 4, pp. 86– 88. (In Russian).
159. Loganina V.I., Davydova O.A. Lime finishing compositions on the basis of sol-gel technology. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2009. No. 3, pp. 50–51. (In Russian).
160. Loganina V.I., Proshina N.A., Davydova O.A. Sol-gel technology for synthesis of silicon containing additive to lime finishing compositions. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2009. No. 7, pp. 48–49. (In Russian).
161. Nizina T.A., Kislyakov P.A. Optimization of epoxy composites properties with modified nanoparticles. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2009. No. 9, pp. 78–80. (In Russian).
162. Burnashev A.I., Abdrakhmanova L.A., Nizamov R.K., Khozin V.G., Kolesnikova I.V., Fakhrutdinova V.Kh. Nanomodified wood flour is an efficient filler of polyvinylchloride compositions. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2011. No. 9, pp. 72–74. (In Russian).
163. Yakovlev G.I., Polyanskikh M.S., Machyulaytis R., Kerene Ya., Malayshkene Yu., Kizinevich O., Shaybadullina A.V., Gordina A.F. Nanomodofication of ceramic materials for construction purposes. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2013. No. 4, pp. 62–64. (In Russian).
164. Zhenzhurist I.A. Prospective directions of nano-modification in building ceramics. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2014. No. 4, pp. 36–39. (In Russian).
165. Strokova V.V., Lesovik R.V. Evaluation of the microstructure of composites construction. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2007. No. 3. Application Nauka No. 9, pp. 22–24. (In Russian).
166. Zhernovsky I.V., Nelyubova V.V., Cherevatova A.V., Strokova V.V. Features of phase formation in the system of CaO–SiO2–H2O in presence of nanostructured modifier. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2009. No. 11, pp. 100–102. (In Russian).
167. Zhernovsky I.V., Strokova V.V., Miroshnikov E.V., Bukhalo A.B., Kozhukhova N.I., Uvarova S.S. Certain possibilities to use the complete xpa in tasks of building materials science. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2010. No. 3, pp. 102–105. (In Russian).
168. Makarova L.V., Tarasov R.V., Koroleva O.V., Gracheva Yu.V. Choice of perspective methods of optimization of building materials properties on the basis of criterion analysis. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2010. No. 12, pp. 76–79. (In Russian).
169. Garkavi M.S., Nekrasova S.A., Troshkina E.A. Kinetics of contact formation in nano-modified gypsum materials Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2013. No. 2, pp. 38–40. (In Russian).
170. Strokova V.V., Nelyubova V.V., Altynnik N.I., Zhernovsky I.V., Osadchy E.G. Phase formation in cement lime-silica system under hydrothermal conditions with the use of a nanostructured modifier. Stroitel’ nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2013. No. 9, pp. 30–32. (In Russian).