.

A.N. KORSHUNOV, Deputy General Director for Science (papadima53@yandex.ru) JSC «Kazan GIPRONIIAVIAPROM» (1, Dementyev Street, 420127 Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation)

Combination of Narrow and Wide Pitches of Cross Bearing Walls in a Large Panel Block-Section
A design block of large panel housing prefabrication and its connection with factory production of prefabricated products is considered. It is proposed to use one of the constructive methods of “ the universal system of large panel housing construction” which makes it possible to pass to the wide pitch in the base block-section with a narrow pitch of cross bearing walls and non-prestressed flat ceilings without re-equipment of factory production with heavy-duty pallets. This constructive method makes it possible to have free layouts of apartments as well as various façade solutions of buildings.

Keywords: universal system of large-panel house prefabrication, basic block-section, free lay-out of apartments, cross, continuous, multi-span, precast- monolithic overlap, variety of facades.

References
1. Nikolaev S.V. Architectural-Urban Development System of Panel-Frame Housing Construction. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2016. No. 3, pp. 15–25. (In Russian).
2. Nikolaev S.V. Panel and Frame Buildings of New Generation. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2013. No. 8, pp. 2–9. (In Russian).
3. Tikhomirov B.I., Korshunov A.N. The line of bezopalubochny formation – efficiency plant with flexible technology. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2012. No. 4, pp. 22–26. (In Russian).
4. Tikhomirov B. I., Kites A.N, Shakirov R. A. Universal system of large-panel housing construction with multiple plannings of apartments and their various combinations in a basic design of block section. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2012. No. 4, рр. 13–20. (In Russian).
5. Tikhomirov B. I., Kites A.N., Shakirov R. A., Gizzatullin A.R. Modernization of the efficiency regional series when developing the new project of the house. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2011. No. 3, рр. 15–19. (In Russian).
6. Patent RF 124272. Krupnopanel’noe zdanie [Large-panel building]. Tikhomirov B.I., Korshunov A.N. Declared 20.02.2012. Published 10.04. 2014. Bulletin No. 10. (In Russian).
7. Patent RF 124272. Krupnopanel’noe zdanie [Large-panel building]. Tikhomirov B.I., Korshunov A.N. Declared 20.02.2012. Published 20.01.2013. Bulletin No. 2. (In Russian).
8. Tikhomirov B.I., Korshunov A.N. Improvement of Conditions of Insolation of Residential Buildings during Development of Construction Site. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2013. No. 3, pp. 16–20. (In Russian).
9. Tikhomirov B.I., Korshunov A.N. Innovative Universal System of Large-Panel House Building with a Narrow Spacing. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2013. No. 3, pp. 16–20. (In Russian).

V.I. KOLCHUNOV, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Academician of RAACS, S.G. EMELIANOV, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) Southwest State University (SWSU) (94, 50 Let Oktyabrya Street, 305040, Kursk, Russian Federation)

Problems of Design Analysis and Protection of Large-Panel Buildings against Progressive Collapse
Problems of the design analysis of large-panel buildings survivability under the out-of-limit states caused by exclusion of one of the bearing elements from the building structural system are considered. Three-level calculation schemes making it possible to make an analysis of deformation and destruction of elements of the building structural system under impacts are proposed. An analysis of possible approaches to the assessment of dynamic additional loadings of elements of the building structural system against the sudden destruction of one of the bearing elements is presented. Some proposals for protecting large-panel buildings against the progressive collapse are considered.

Keywords: design analysis, survivability, large-panel building, dynamic additional loading, progressive collapse.

References
1. Nikolaev S.V. Arkhitetkurno-gradostroitelnaya system of panel and frame housing construction. Zhilishchnoe stroitel’stvo [Housing construction]. 2016. No. 3, pp. 15–23. (In Russian).
2. Travush V.I., Kolchunov V.I., Klyueva N.V. Some directions of development of the theory of survivability of constructive systems of buildings and constructions. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel’stvo. 2015. No. 3, pp. 4–9. (In Russian).
3. Kodysh E.N., Trekin N.N., Chesnokov D.A. Protection of multi-storey buildings against the progressing collapse. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel’stvo. 2016. No. 6, pp. 8–13. (In Russian).
4. Klyueva N.V., Kolchunov V.I., Rypakov D.A., Bukhtiyarova A.S. Residential and public buildings from steel concrete panel and frame elements of industrial production. Zhilishchnoe stroitel’stvo [Housing construction]. 2015. No. 5, pp. 69–75. (In Russian).
5. Shapiro G.I., Gasanov A.A. The numerical solution of a task of stability of the panel built building against the progressing collapse. International Journal for Computational Civil and Structural Engineering. 2016. Vol. 12. Issue 2. pp. 158–166.
6. Kolchunov V.I., Bondarenko V.M. Settlement models of power resistance of steel concrete. Moscow: ASV, 2004. 472 p. (In Russian).
7. Kolchunov Vl.I., Klyueva N.V., Androsov N.B., Bukhtiyarova A.S. Survivability of buildings and constructions in case of beyond design basis impacts. Moscow: ASV, 2014. 208 p. (In Russian).

A.A. MAGAY, Honored Architect, Director of research (magay_1@mail.ru), N.V. DUBYNIN, Candidate of Architecture AO «TSNIIEP zhilishcha» – institute for complex design of residential and public buildings» (AO «TSNIIEP zhilishcha») (9/3, Dmitrovskoe Highway, Moscow, 127434, Russian Federation)

Large-Panel Residential Buildings with a Broad Step of Bearing Structures, Ensuring the Free Layout of Apartments
The article discusses the large-panel residential buildings with a broad step of bearing structures. The broad step creates opportunities for alternate layouts of residential houses and flats, makes it possible to successfully solve the problems of «moral» aging of residential buildings. The broad step of bearing structures provides the possibility for a more flexible and free layout, improves the quality of the home due to improving security conditions and comfort of the home.

Keywords: large-panel residential buildings, free, flexible and variant layouts of flats, moral aging of large-panel dwelling.

References
1. Nikolaev S.V., Shreiber A.K., Khayutin Yu.G. Innovative systems of frame and panel housing construction. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2015. No. 5, pp. 3–5. (In Russian).
2. Ostretsov V.M., Magay A.A., Voznyuk A.B. , Gorelkin A.N. Flexible System of Panel Housing Construction. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2011. No. 8, pp. 8–11. (In Russian).
3. Nikolaev S.V. Panel and Frame Buildings of New Generation. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2013. No. 8, pp. 2–9. (In Russian).
4. Nikolaev S.V., Shreiber A.K., Etenko V.P. Panel and frame housing construction – a new stage of development of efficiency. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2015. No. 2, pp. 3–7. (In Russian).
5. Yumasheva E.I., Sapacheva L.V. House-building industry and social order of time. Stroitel’nye materialy [Construction materials]. 2014. No. 10, pp. 3–11. (In Russian).
6. Dubynin N.V. From large-panel housing construction of XX to system of panel and frame housing construction XXI. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2015. No. 10, pp. 12–27. (In Russian).
7. Tikhomirov B.I., Korshunov A.N. The line of bezopalubochny formation – efficiency plant with flexible technology. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2012. No. 4, pp. 22–26. (In Russian).
8. Melnikova I.B. New means of expressiveness of multystoried multisection residential buildings. Nauchnoe obozrenie. 2015. No. 20, pp. 86–89. (In Russian).
9. Baranova L.N. Development of industrial housing construction and the industry of construction materials in various regions of Russia. Vestnik Rossiiskoi akademii estestvennykh nauk. 2013. No. 3, pp. 61–63. (In Russian).
10. Usmanov Sh.I. Formation of economic strategy of development of industrial housing construction In Russia. Politika, gosudarstvo i pravo. 2015. No. 1 (37), pp. 76–79. (In Russian).
11. Antipov D.N. Strategy of development of the enterprises of industrial housing construction. Problemy sovremennoi ekonomiki. 2012. No. 1, pp. 267–270. (In Russian).
12. Kireeva E.I., Dubynin N.V. Modernization of large-panel buildings of standard series. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2015. No. 5, pp. 9–21. (In Russian).
13. Dubynin N.V. Scientific bases of quality of architectural concepts. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2011. No. 3, pp. 27–31. (In Russian).

I.N. TIKHONOV, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), V.S. GUMENYUK, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (vagan5@bk.ru), V.A. KAZARYAN, Engineer NIIZHB named after A.A. Gvozdev, JSC Research Center of Construction (6, bldg.5, 2nd Institutskaya Street, 109428, Moscow, Russian Federation)

Bearing Capacity of Compressed Reinforced Concrete Elements with Cold-Deformed Working Reinforcement of B500C Grade
To improve the efficiency of using the cold-deformed reinforcement of B500C Grade in compressed elements of reinforced concrete structures, JSC “Research Center of Construction” conducted the tests of short concrete struts with different working reinforcement under the short-time static compression close to the central. Four series of struts (3sample-twins in each series) with cross-sectional dimensions of 2616 cm, length of 65 cm and symmetric reinforcement with three-dimensional tied-up cages were produced. Struts were tested according to the common technique with a gradual increase in loading. Taking into account the study results obtained, it should be recommended for reinforcement of B500 Grade in the Table 6.14 of SP 63.13330.2012 to adopt, instead of Rsc=415(380) MPa, values Rsc=435 (400) as for reinforcement of A500 Grade that makes it possible to significantly expand the volumes of its usage and will be very important for improving the efficiency of construction.

Keywords: cold-deformed reinforcement, compressed elements, reinforced concrete structures, efficiency, construction.

References
1. Tikhonov I.N., Gumenyuk V.S., Kazarian V.A., The mechanical properties of tensile and compression reinforcement of cold-class B500C. Beton i zhelezobeton. 2014. No. 2, рр. 9–13. (In Russian).
2. Tikhonov I.N., Gumenyuk V.S., Kazarian V.A., Mechanical properties under compression fittings hot-Class A400 permanent deformation after stretching. Beton i zhelezobeton. 2014. No. 2, рр. 5–9. (In Russian).
3. Snimshchikov S.V., Kharitonov V.A., Kharitonov V.A., Surikov I.N., Petrov I.M. Analysis of the level of quality of reinforcing B500C class hire on the basis of methods of mathematical statistics. Сhernaia metalurgia. 2013. No. 8, рр. 48–59. (In Russian).
4. Tikhonov I.N. Investigation of reinforced concrete elements with an effective reinforcement of class A500. Sbornik nauchnyh trudovv NIIGB. Moscow: NIIZhB. 2013, pp. 179–190. (In Russian).
5. Semchenkov A.S., Zalesov A.S., Meshkov V.Z., Kvasnikov A.A. Character coupling rod to concrete reinforcement of various profiles. Beton i zhelezobeton. 2007. No. 5, рр. 2–7. (In Russian).
6. Mukhamediev T.A., Kuzevanov D.V. To a question of calculation it is non-central the compressed reinforced concrete elements on Construction Norms and Regulations 52–01 // Beton i zhelezobeton. 2012. No. 2, рр. 21–23. (In Russian).
7. Tikhonov I.N., Gumenyuk V.S. To a question of assessment of influence of cold hardening of fittings on her resistance to compressionconcrete goods. ZhBI i konstruktsii. 2010. No. 2, рр. 16–20. (In Russian).
8. Tikhonov I.N., Gumenyuk V.S. About the settlement resistance to compression of fittings strengthened in a cold state. Metizy. 2008. No. 2 (18), рр. 26–30. (In Russian).

E.F. FILATOV, Chief Technologist, (filatovef@mail.ru) OOO UK “Bryansk Large-Panel Prefabrication Plant” (99A, Rechnaya Street, 241031, Bryansk, Russian Federation)

Reduction in Material Consumption of Products of Large-Panel House Prefabrication
On the example of the Bryansk Large-Panel Prefabrication Plant, work of the enterprise with the scientific-research institute aimed at reducing the material consumption of reinforced concrete products of large-panel housing construction is shown. As a result of experimental-theoretical research conducted together with TSNIIEP zhilishcha, the checking calculation with a computer including, in the unification of reinforcement of plinth (over the services cellar) floor slabs supported along the contour, and positive results obtained, the additional contour reinforcement of floor slabs has been excluded, and the range of slabs has been reduced.

Keywords: large-panel housing construction, floor slabs, reinforcement steel, stamped inserts.

References
1. Vasil’kov B.S., Makarov G.N. Issledovaniye of plates of overlappings on the pile bases. Beton i gelezobeton. 1990. No. 11, pp. 23–24. (In Russian).
2. Gorbunov V.A., Sebekina V.I., Titayev V.A. Calculation of panels of overlapping of the first floor. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 1992. No. 11, pp. 24–27. (In Russian).
3. Nikolaev S.V., Shreiber A.K., Etenko V.P. Panel and frame housing construction – a new stage of development of efficiency. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2015. No. 2, pp. 3–7. (In Russian).
4. Yarmakovskii V.N. Energy-resources-saving under manufacturing at the elements of structural-technological building systems, their rising and exploitation. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2013. No. 6, pp. 1–3. (In Russian).
5. Yumasheva E.I., Sapacheva L.V. House-building industry and social order of time. Stroitel’nye materialy [Construction materials]. 2014. No. 10, pp. 3–11. (In Russian).
6. Zyryanov V.S., Shabynin A.I. Durability and crack resistance of plates, discretely the opertykh on ogolovka of piles. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 1995. No. 3, pp. 30–32. (In Russian).
7. Shabynin A.I., Zyryanov V.S. To calculation of beams – walls, the opirayemykh discretely on ogolovka of piles. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 1995. No. 6, pp. 17–19. (In Russian).

A.V. GRANOVSKY ¹ , Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (arcgran@list.ru); M.Zh. CHUBAKOV 2 , Engineer
1 TSNIISK named after V.A. Kucherenko, JSC “Research Center of Construction” (6, 2nd Institutskaya Street, 109428, Moscow, Russian Federation)
2 NIIZHB named after A.A. Gvozdev, JSC “Research Center of Construction” (6, 2nd Institutskaya Street, 109428, Moscow, Russian Federation)

On the Problem of Strength Assessment of Contact Joints of Large-Panel Buildings from Precast Spatial Reinforced Concrete Elements
Results of the experimental study of contact joints of structures of large-panel buildings from precast spatial reinforced concrete elements are presented. The results obtained make it possible to determine the efficiency of operation of a new type of contact joint due to the change in the stress state in the support area of the joint – the presence of local compression instead of eccentric compression adopted for standard designs of junctions of large-panel buildings.

Keywords: block, panel, junctions, spatial element, reinforced concrete, house building.

References
1. Shmelev S.E. Myths and Truth about Monolithic and Precast Housing Construction. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2016. No. 3, pp. 40–43. (In Russian).
2. Nikishin E.E., Vorobyov G.A. Enhancement of industrial housing construction – a paramount task of the project and construction organizations of Moscow. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel’stvo. 2009. No. 12, pp. 7–9. (In Russian)
3. Harchenko S.G. Development of construction of social housing on the basis of modernization of industrial housing construction. Modern technologies of management – 2014. Collection of materials of the international scientific conference. Moscow, 2014, рр. 1750–1759. (In Russian).
4. Prokopovich A.A., Repekto V.V., Lukonin V.A. Industrial frame and panel housing construction. Stroitel’nye materialy [Construction Materials]. 2011. No. 6, pp. 50–51. (In Russian).
5. Yumasheva E.I., Sapacheva L.V. The house-building industry and the social order of time. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materiаls]. 2014. No. 10, pp. 3–11. (In Russian).
6. Teshev I.D., Korosteleva G.K., Popova M.A. Space Block House Prefabrication. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2016. No. 3, pp. 26–33. (In Russian).
7. Bauschinger J. Versuche mit Quatdern aus Natursteinen. Munich, Mitteilungen aus dem Mechanischtechhuischen Laboratorium der Kgl. Technischen Hochschule. 1876. No. 6, pp. 13–14.

S.N. OVSYANNIKOV ¹ , Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), V.N. OKOLICHNYI ¹ , Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (okolichnyi@mail.ru), I.V. BALDIN ¹ , Candidate of Sciences (Engineering); A.A. BUBIS ² , Chief Engineer
1 Tomsk State University of Architecture and Building (2, Solyanaya Square, 634003, Tomsk, Russian Federation)
2 Russian Association for Earthquake Engineering (p.o.box 29, 109456, Moscow Russian Federation)

Full-Scale Static and Seismic Tests of a Fragment of Building Built According to «KUPASS» System
The article contains results of the full-scale test of a three-storey frame building of the «KUPASS» system on the impact of horizontal loading identical to the seismic and static loadings as well as results of the static testing of structures and their joints under the laboratory conditions. A brief characteristic of the structural solution of the building fragment tested is presented. Horizontal loads are created by vibration machine of inertial action VID-50 with rotating balance weights. The vibration machine is fixed on the sliding band in the form of cross monolithic reinforced concrete beams. Seismic-isolating rubber-metal supports are mounted between the sliding belt and the frame. The results of seismic and static tests of the building fragment, full-scale structures, joints of structures are presented and analyzed. It is concluded that the new developed seismic-resistant frame universal prefabrication architectural-construction system «KUPASS» can be used in regions with estimated seismicity up to 7 points including without the use of seismic-isolation and 8 points including with the use of the seismic-isolation system made of rubber-metallic supports.

Keywords: seismic-resistant system «KUPASS», nature experimental studies, earthquake isolation, rubber-metallic supports

References
1. Ayzenberg Ya.M., Kodysh E.N., Nikitin I.K., Smirnov V.I., Trekin N.N. Aseismic multystoried buildings with a reinforced concrete framework. Moscow: Association of Construction Higher Education Institutions (ACHEI). 2012. 264 p. (In Russian).
2. Fotin O.V. System RKD «Irkutsk Framework» of multystoried buildings and constructions. Seismostoikoe stroitel’stvo. Bezopasnost’ sooruzhenii. 2016. No. 1, рр. 44–50. (In Russian).
3. Perfilyev A.P. RASK house-building system: modernization and increase in seismic stability of designs frame связе вого framework. Seismostoikoe stroitel’stvo. Bezopasnost’ sooruzhenii. 2014. No. 1, рр. 40–43. (In Russian).
4. Bubis A.A., Petrosyan A.E., Petryashev N.O., Petryashev S.O. Natural dynamic tests for seismic stability of the «KUPASS» architectural and construction system. Seismostoikoe stroitel’stvo. Bezopasnost’ sooruzhenii. 2016. No. 2, рр. 13–23. (In Russian).

.

A.A. VALUY ¹ , Head of Department of Providing the Implementation of Housing and Civil Construction Programs; I.L. KIEVSKY ² , Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), General Director, OOO NPTS “City Development”; Zh.A. KHORKINA ² , Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), Deputy Head of Research Division
1 Department of Urban Development Policy of Moscow (5, bldg 5, Nikitsky Lane, 125009, Moscow, Russian Federation)
2 OOO NPTS “City Development” (19, bldg 3, Prospect Mira, 129090, Moscow, Russian Federation)

Five Years of Implementation of the State Program of Moscow «Housing» and Plans for 2016–2018
Since 2012, the development of Moscow is realized within the frame of implementation of 14 state programs formed as a complex of interconnected (by goals, implementation times, and resources) measures aimed at the social and economic development of the capital. The state programs of Moscow were formed for the period of 2012-2018 and annually actualized. To achieve the goals set in the programs, the monitoring of their implementation process is carried out. On the basis of monitoring results obtained, adjustments of their structures and compositions are made. The State Program of Moscow “Housing” (SP “Housing”) is implemented with due regard for formulated priorities of housing construction development in the state programs of the Russian Federation and decrees of the RF President. Directions connected not only with development, management and maintenance of housing stock but with improving the mechanisms of housing conditions enhancement and also with improving the quality of housing in Moscow according to the modern requirements for comfort and safety are realized within the framework of SP “Housing”. The analysis of results of the implementation of the SP “Housing” in 2012-2015 and plans for 2016-2018 in the main areas is presented.

Keywords: state program, housing construction, overhaul repair, renovation of housing development, management of housing stock, maintenance and inpmrovement of housing development area.

References
1. Levkin S.I., Kievskiy L.V. Program-oriented and goaloriented approach to urban planning policy. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel’stvo. 2011. No. 8, pp. 6–8. (In Russian).
2. Kievskiy L.V. Мultiplicative effects of construction activity. Naukovedenie: Internet-journal. 2014. No. 3 (22), pp. 104–109. (In Russian).
3. Levkin S.I., Kievskiy L.V. Town planning aspects of the sectoral government programs. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel’stvo. 2012. No. 6, pp. 26–32. (In Russian).
4. Kievskiy I.L. On the necessity of development of the market of hiring of habitation in Moscow. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel’stvo. 2013. No. 6, pp. 9–10. (In Russian).
5. Kievskiy L.V. Investment and construction process of creation and implementation of home. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2003. No. 1, pp. 2–5. (In Russian).
6. Kievskiy L.V. Features of the organization methodology «wave» of resettlement in areas of complex reconstruction. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel’stvo. 2006. No. 10, pp. 12–14. (In Russian).
7. Kievskiy I.L., Khaikin M.M. The main directions of the Moscow city government program «Housing» for 2012– 2016. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel’stvo. 2011. No. 9, pp. 55–57. (In Russian).
8. Kievskiy I.L., Tihomirov S.А. Info-graphic model of the comprehensive reconstruction of residential areas (for example, the city of Moscow). Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel’stvo. 2011. No. 10, pp. 14–17. (In Russian).
9. Kievskiy L.V., Kievskiy I.L. Prioritizing traffic city development framework. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel’stvo. 2011. No. 10, pp. 3–6. (In Russian).
10. Kievskiy L.V., Horkina G.А. Realization of priorities of urban policy for the balanced development of Moscow. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel’stvo. 2013. No. 8, pp. 54–57. (In Russian).
11. Kievskiy L.V. Kompleksnost’ i potok (organizatsiya zastroiki mikroraiona) [The complexity and the flow (organization development of the neighborhood)]. Moscow: Stroyizdat. 1987. 136 p.
12. Kievskiy L.V., Kievskaya R.L. Influence of town-planning decisions on the markets of real estate. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel’stvo. 2013. No. 6, pp. 27–31. (In Russian).

L.Yu. VOROPAEV ¹ , Leading Architect (voropaev.lev@gmail.com), M.M. GAVRILOVA ² , Candidate of Architecture, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences, Director
1 OOO “Proekt Zebra” (4, Chertanovo Severnoe Microdistrict, 117648, Moscow, Russian Federation)
2 OOO “Partnership of Theater Architects” (52, bldg. 10, Kosmodamianskaya Emb., 115035, Moscow, Russian Federation)

Interaction of Factors Influencing on Formation of Parking Lots Built-In Residential Complexes
Design of parking lots for storage of personal vehicles is now one of the main problems facing the architect designing the residential complexes. In this regard, there are problems with the compact placement of cars on a limited area. The paper deals with the influence of various factors on the choice of the type of the car park, built in the residential complex. The main factors are the urban planning, economic, explosion and fire safety, environmental, climatic, use intensity factor. The process of selecting the parking lot is revealed through the sequential and pair-wise comparison of factors.

Keywords: parking, garage, ramp garage, semi-mechanized garage, mechanized garage, storage of personal motor transport, residential complex.

References
1. Vuchik Vukan R. Transportation for Livable Cities. Мoscow: Territoriya budushchego. 2011. 576 p. (In Russian).
2. Skachkov P.A., Gorneva O.S., Shutov S.V., Gnatyuk K.V. Method for determining the capacity of the built-up residential areas. Zhilishchnoe Stroitelstvo [Housing construction]. 2015. No. 4, pp. 3–7. (In Russian).
3. Gel’fond A.L., Dutsev M.V. The adaptation of the building in the context of the museum and exhibition spaces of the historic town. Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel’nogo universiteta. Seriya: Stroitel’stvo i arkhitektura. 2013. No. 31–1 (50), pp. 60–66. (In Russian).
4. Parksafe fuer oeffentliches Parken “Franklin Parkolohaz”. Objektblatt.- Deutschland: Wöhr. 2008. No. 10. 8 p.
5. Gel’fond A.L. The architectural typology in the aspect of a building’s life cycle. ACADEMIA. Arkhitektura i stroitel’stvo. 2011. No. 2, pp. 40–47. (In Russian).
6. Ignat’ev Yu.V. The construction of car parks and parking lots in big cities.Vestnik Yuzhno-Ural’skogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Stroitel’stvo i arkhitektura. 2012. No. 17 (276), pp. 68–72. (In Russian).
7. Balakin V.V., Sidorenko V.F. Protecting pedestrian zones and residential development of road transport emissions gardening tools. Zhilishchnoe Stroitelstvo [Housing construction]. 2016. No. 5, pp. 3–8. (In Russian).
8. Aleksashina V.V. The prospect of global energy and the conservation of the ecological balance in the biosphere. Part I. Conventional Energy. ACADEMIA. Arkhitektura i stroitel’stvo. 2013. No. 2, pp. 66–75. (In Russian).
9. Aleksashina V.V. Organization of sanitary protection zones of industrial enterprises in urban areas. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel’stvo. 2004. No. 10, pp. 28–29. (In Russian).

In Moscow is preparing to implement a unique project - "City Laikovo event."

N.S. SOKOLOV, Candidate of Sciences, Director (forstnpf@mail.ru) OOO «Nauchno-proizvodstvennaya firma «FORST» (109a, Kalinina Street, 428022 Cheboksary, Russian Federation)

Technological Methods of Installation of Bored-Injection Piles with Multiple Enlargements
The modern geotechnical construction widely uses bored-injection piles made of, as a rule, fine concrete. The increase in the bearing capacity of bored-injection piles by the soil is an important geotechnical problem. One of the ways of increasing the bearing capacity of a bored-injection pile is making enlargements (bearings) along its length. Experience in installing these piles with enlargements shows their efficiency. The bearing capacity of such piles is higher by 1.5–2 times than piles produced according to standard technologies. As technologies of installing piles with enlargements can be used: the electric discharge method for installing the piles (EDM); electric-chemical method for installing bored-injection piles (ECM), mechanical method for installing bored-injection and and cast-in-situ bored piles with the help of mechanical wideners (MW).

Keywords: bored-injection pile, fine concrete, electric discharge technology, electric-chemical enlargement, mechanical enlargement, weak soils, bearing capacity.

References
1. Sokolov N.S., Ryabinov V.M. About one method of calculation of the bearing capability the buroinjektsi-onnykh svay-ERT. Osnovaniya, fundamenty i mekhanika gruntov. 2015. No. 1, pp. 10–13. (In Russian).
2. Sokolov N.S., Ryabinov V. M. About efficiency of the device the buroinjektsionnykh of piles with multi-seater broadenings with use of electro-digit technology. Geotechnica. 2016. No. 2, pp. 28–32. (In Russian).
3. Patent RF 2282936. Generator impul’snykh tokov [Generator of pulse currents]. N.S. Sokolov, Yu.P. Pichugin. Declared 4.02.2005. Published 27.08. 2006. Bulletin No. 24. (In Russian).
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5. Sokolov N.S. Metod of calculation of the bearing capability the buroinjektsionnykh svay-RIT taking into account «thrust bearings». Materials of the 8th All-Russian (the 2nd International) the «New in Architecture, Designing of Construction Designs and Reconstruction» conference (NASKR-2014). 2014. Cheboksary, pp. 407–411. (In Russian).
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7. Sokolov N.S., Petrov M.V., Ivanov V.A. Calculation problems the buroinjektsionnykh of the piles made with use of digit and pulse technology. Materials of the 8th All-Russian (the 2nd International) the «New in Architecture, Designing of Construction Designs and Reconstruction» conference (NASKR-2014). 2014. Cheboksary, pp. 415–420. (In Russian).
8. Patent RF 2250957. Sposob izgotovleniya nabivnoi svai [Method of production of a stuffed pile]. N.S. Sokolov, V.Yu. Tavrin, V.A. Abramushkin. Zayavl. Declared 14.07.2003. Published 27.04. 2005. Bulletin No. 12. (In Russian).
9. Sokolov N.S., Viktorov S.S., Fedorov T.G. Piles of the raised bearing capability. Materials of the 8th All-Russian (the 2nd International) the «New in Architecture, Designing of Construction Designs and Reconstruction» conference (NASKR-2014). 2014. Cheboksary, pp. 411–415. (In Russian).
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