S.V. NIKOLAEV1, (ingil@ingil.ru), Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), General Director; V.I. TRAVUSH², Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Vice-President of RAACS for direction of “Construction Sciences”, Deputy General Director for Scientific Work; Yu.A. TABUNSHCHIKOV³, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), President, A.N. KOLUBKOV³, Vice-President, G.G. SOLOMANIDIN⁴, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Vice-Rector, A.A. MAGAY¹, Candidate of Architecture, Director for Scientific Activity, N.V. DUBYNIN¹, Candidate of Architecture, Head of Department of Architecture of Residential and Public Buildings
1 AO “TsNIIEPzholoshcha” (9, structure 3, Dmitrovskoye Hwy, 127434, Moscow, Russian Federation)
2 ZAO “Gorproekt (15, structure 15, floor 5, Academic Tupolev Embankment, 105005, Moscow, Russian Federation)
3 NP “AVOK” (a/ya 141, 127051, Moscow, Russian Federation)
4 University of Complex Security Systems and Engineering Maintenance (38, structure 1, Off. 427, Sharikopodshipnikovskaya Stree,t 115088, Moscow, Russian Federation)

Regulatory Framework of High-Rise Construction in Russia
The article considers problems of the formation of regulatory and technical base of high-rise construction at the present stage of its development. They are that against the background of the constant increase in volumes of construction of high-rise buildings, codes of rules for their construction are not still developed, and territorial building regulations (TBN) used previously lost effect. There is a situation when in the field considered official normative documents, provisions of which could be included in the list of obligatory for execution or, as minimum, in the evidence base, are practically absent. This negatively affects the safety of objects under construction and the development of the industry as a whole. In connection with this, at present, the Department of Urban Development of Moscow has concluded the State Contract with TsNIIEPzhilishcha for executing the research works aimed at the development of the Code of Rules “High-Rise Buildings and Complexes. Design Rules”. This document will be the first and basic in the field of high-rise construction and will have a great importance for specialists. In order to exchange experience and improve the quality of the Code of Rules, its main provisions are offered for discussion.

Keywords: high-rise buildings, high-rise complexes, regulatory framework for high-rise construction, architecture of high-rise buildings, structures of high-rise buildings.

References
1. Magai А.А. Arkhitektura vysotnykh zdanii mira [Architecture of high-rise buildings of the world]. Novosibirsk: Kart Master, 2008. 140 p. (In Russian).
2. Sovremennoe vysotnoe stroitel’stvo [Modern high-rise construction]. М.: GUP «ITC» Moskomarkhitektury», OAO TsNIIEP zhilishcha, 2007. 464 p. (In Russian).
3. Rukovodstvo po vysotnym zdaniyam. Tipologiya i dizain, stroitel’stvo i tekhnologiya [High-Rise Manual. Typology and Design, Construction and technology]. Lane with English under a general edition S.V. Nikolaev. М.: ООО «Atlant- Stroi», 2006. 228 p. (In Russian).
4. Tall buildings of China. Edited by Georges Binder. 6 Bastow Place, Mulgrave, Victoria 3170, Australia.: The Images Publishing Group Pty Ltd, 2015. 248 p.
5. Granik U.G. Stroitel’stvo vysotnykh zdanii [Construction of high-rise buildings]. М.: ОАО «TsNIIEP zhilykh i obshchestvennykh zdanii», 2010. 480 p. (In Russian).
6. Мarkovskiy M.I. High-rise construction from monolithic reinforced concrete. Arkhitektura i stroitel’stvo. 2011. No. 2 (220). http://ais.by/story/12613 (date of the address 02.02.2016). (In Russian).
7. Serykh А.R. Comparative analysis of systems of technical regulation Kazakhstan, Russia and USA / SNIP REGISTER, INC, Chicago, USA 2006. StandartGost.ru. http://standartgost.ru/g/ snip-id-48477 (date of the address 02.02.2016г). (In Russian).
8. Il’in E.P. About a modern situation in the sphere of counteraction to terrorism in Russia. Papers of III international scientific conference on problems of safety and counteraction to terrorism. Moscow: MGU, on October 27, 2007. (In Russian).
9. Solomanidin G.G. Concept of complex safety of high-rise buildings. Algorithm of safety. 2006. No. 4. 2006. http:// www.algoritm.org/arch/arch.php?id=22&a=237 (date of the address 02.02.2016г). (In Russian).
10. Wood Antony Tall buildings: search for a new typology. PhD thesis, University of Nottingham, 2010. 28 p.

A.V. ZOTKIN, Vice-Rector (alexzotkin@yandex.ru), O.M. LYUBIMOVA, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), Rector, G.G. SOLOMANIDIN, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Vice-Rector University of Complex Security Systems and Engineering Maintenance (38/1, Sharikopodshipnikovskaya Street, 115088, Moscow, Russian Federation)

Issues of Complex Provision of Safety and Anti-Terrorism Security (Discussion of the Draft Code of Rules “High-Rise Buildings and Complexes. Design Rules”)

The article considers issues of the complex provision of safety and anti-terrorism security raised by the formation of normative-technical base of high-rise construction with due regard for the development of the draft new code of rules “High-Rise Building and Complexes. Design Rules”. Results of the practical application of propositions of territorial building norms developed earlier are presented on the example of the city of Moscow. Results of the analysis of the situation concerning the provision of antiterrorism security of high-rise buildings in connection with the issue of the RF Government Decision № 1244 of December 25, 2013 are also presented. In order to exchange experience and improve the quality of the Code of Rules, it is proposed to discuss some provisions of the document with due regard for opinions and proposals of colleagues and designers concerning the section “Measures for complex provision of safety and anti-terrorism security of high-rise buildings” as a part of the draft Code of Rules.

Keywords: high-rise buildings, high-rise complexes, normative base of high-rise construction, complex provision of high-rise buildings safety, anti-terrorism security of high-rise buildings.

References
1. Gebäudesicherheit:Schutz vor Anschlägen. Öffentliche Sicherheil, Österreich. 2005. № 1–2, рр. 98–99.
2. Broder J.F. Risk Analysis and the Security Survey. Butterworth- Heinemann, Woburn, MA, 2000. 392 p.
3. Cauchon D., Moore М. Machinery saved people in WTC: row of elevator hoists sheltered stairwell when jet hit tower. USA TODAY, McLean, VA, May 17, 2002.
4. FEMA 403, World Trade Center Building Performance Study: Data Collection, Preliminary Observations, and Recommendations, Federal Emergency Management Agency. FEMA, Washington, DC, May 2002.
5. Fortune 1000 professionals list top security threats. Securitas magazine, Middlesex, UK, January, 2002.
6. Weiger P., Nicholson J. Learning from 9-11. NFPA Journal, National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA, May/June 2002.

T.A. KORNILOV, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (kornt@mail.ru), E.G. SLOBODCHIKOV, Engineer, D.N. AMMOSOV, Student M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University (58 Belinskogo Street, Yakutsk, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), 677000, Russian Federation)

Efficiency of Using Solar Generation Systems for Engineering Provision of Residential Buildings under Conditions of Central Yakutia

The comparison of the value of direct solar radiation on the horizontal surface of different regions of Russia is made. On the basis of monitoring data, the assessment of the efficiency of using solar collectors for engineering provision of low-rise buildings under conditions of the Central Yakutia is made. Main shortcomings of solar collectors with direct heat transfer operating under conditions of stable low temperatures of outside air are revealed. It is shown that the use of solar collectors in combination with gas heating at the existing tariff does not give savings necessary for the return of investments. Solar collector-central heating or solar collectorelectric heating systems possess a great potential of energy efficiency for investment projects aimed at the introduction of alternative source of energy.

Keywords: energy efficiency, solar radiation intensity, temperature, solar collector, energy saving.

References
1. Jinling Ch., Shelginsky A.YA. Passive solar systems of heat supply. Experience of People's Republic of China. AVOK: Energosberezhenie. 2009. No. 2, pp. 72–75. (In Russian).
2. Butuzov V.A. Prospects of development of solar heat supply in Russia. AVOK: Energosberezhenie. 2013. No. 6, pp. 76–79. (In Russian).
3. Butuzov V.A. Solar heat supply in regions of Russia. AVOK: Energosberezhenie. 2014. No. 6, pp. 76–79. (In Russian).
4. Popel O.S., Fried S.E., Kolomiyets Yu.G. The atlas of resources of solar energy in the territory of Russia [Atlas resursov solnechnoi energii na territorii Rossii]. M.: Institute of high temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2010. 84 p. (In Russian).
5. Dmitriyev A.N., Kovalyov I.N., Tabunshchikov Yu.A., Shilkin N.V. Rukovodstvo according to economic efficiency of investments into energy saving actions [Руkovodstvo po otsenke ekonomicheskoi effektivnosti investitsii v energosberegayushchie meropriyatiya]. M.: AVOK-PRESS, 2005. 40 p. (In Russian).

V.K. SAVIN¹, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Corresponding Member of RAASN; V.K. RYBKIN², Engineer (vngeo12@yandex.ru)
1 Scientific and Research Institute of Building Physics of RAASN (21, Lokomotivny Passage, 127238, Moscow, Russian Federation)
2 Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (26, Yaroslavskoye Hwy, 129337, Moscow, Russian Federation)

Energy efficient design of the window unit with the ventilator

The analysis estimates the provision of comfortable conditions in buildings with natural light and ventilation. It is shown that today the designer may not satisfy the laws on energy saving and safety of people in buildings in terms of providing them with light, heat, air and sound. We propose a new design of the window unit with the ventilator, which can be used to provide a comfortable environment in buildings with the lowest energy cost.

Keywords: window, ventilator, climate, air, natural light, noise protection, energy saving, safety.

References
1. Gubernskij Ju.D., Lickevich V.K. The dwelling for the person. [Zhilishhe dlja cheloveka]. M.: Strojizdat, 1991. 227 p.
2. Savin V.K. Construction physics: power economy [Stroitel'naja fizika: energoekonomika]. M.: Lazur' 2005. 418 p.
3. Zemcov V.A., Gagarina E.V. Settlement and experimental method of determination of the general coefficient of a transmission of light window blocks. ACADEMIA. Arhitektura i stroitel'stvo. 2010. No. 3, pp. 472–476. (In Russian).
4. Zemcov V.A., Gagarina E.V. Metod rascheta svetopropuskanija okonnyh blokov s ispol'zovaniem jeksperimental'nyh dannyh po svetopropuskaniju stekol. Svetoprozrachnye konstrukcii. 2010. No. 5–6, pp. 28–31. (In Russian).
5. Korkina E.V. Comprehensive Comparison of Window Blocks for Lighting and Thermotechnical Parameters. Zhilishnoe Stroitelstvo [Housing Construction]. 2015. No. 6, pp. 61–62. (In Russian).
6. Boriskina I.V., PIotnikov A.A., Zaharov A.V. Proektirovanie sovremennyh okonnyh sistem grazhdanskih zdanij [Design of modem window systems of civil buildings]. SaintPetersburg: Vybor. 360 p.

O.D. SAMARIN, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (samarin-oleg@mail.ru); E.O. NASONOVA, Bachelor Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (26, Yaroslavskoye Highway, 129337, Moscow, Russian Federation)

The Study of Dependence of Thermotechnical Uniformity of External Enclosures on Geometrical Adjectives of Buildings

Dependence of a thermal uniformity factor of an external wall on the construction peculiarities of buildings using the procedure of the SP 50.13330.2012 with application of the series of standard projects for mass building is considered. Results of calculations of geometrical parameters, including quantities and lengths both of dot and linear thermal non-uniformities and total additional specific heat losses through these non-uniformities for one of the most typical objects are shown. Results of calculations of the thermal uniformity factor for the entire group of buildings considered are presented as the correlation dependences on the compactness factor and other parameters. The analysis of the data obtained is given and conclusions concerning the character and severity of the influence of different geometrical adjectives of an object on the efficiency of a thermal insulation material used in the wall design are made. The statement is illustrated by graphic and numerical examples.

Keywords: thermal resistance, thermal non-uniformity, compactness factor, heated volume, flattening factor

References
1. Gagarin V.G., Kozlov V.V. Theoretical reasons for calculation of reduced thermal resistance of building enclosures. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2010. № 12, рр. 4–12. (In Russian).
2. Gagarin V.G., Kozlov V.V. The requirements to the thermal performance and energy efficiency in the project of the actualizationed SNiP «Thermal performance of the buildings». Zhilishchnoye Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2011. № 8, рр. 2–6. (In Russian).
3. Gagarin V.G., Kozlov V.V. On the requirements to the thermal performance and energy efficiency in the project of the actualizationed SNiP «Thermal performance of the buildings». Vestnik MGSU. 2011. № 7, рр. 59–66. (In Russian).
4. Gagarin V.G., Dmitriev K.A. Account of thermal nonuniformities during estimation of thermal performance of building enclosures in Russia and European countries. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2013. № 6, рр. 14–16. (In Russian).
5. Dylewski R., Adamczyk J. Economic and ecological indicators for thermal insulating building investments. Energy and Buildings. 2012. No. 54, рр. 88–95. (In Russian).
6. Lapinskiene V., Paulauskaite S., Motuziene V. The analysis of the efficiency of passive energy saving measures in office buildings. Papers of the 8th International Conference «Environmental Engineering». Vilnius. 2011, рр. 769–775.
7. Feist W. Das Niedrigenergeihaus. 4.Auflage. Heidelberg: C.F. Müller Verlag. 1997. 144 p.
8. Samarin O.D. Using of the procedure of SP 50.13330.2012 for estimation of the dependence of thermal uniformity of the external wall from the amount of building storeys. Montazhnye I special’nye raboty v stroitel’stve. 2015. № 3, рр. 24–26. (In Russian).
9. Samarin O.D., Sirotkin D.A. The possibilities of decrease of thermal performance of non-transparent enclosures in public buildings. Zhilishchnoye Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2014. № 8, рр. 16–18. (In Russian).

Il. T. MIRSAYAPOV, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) Kazan State University of Architecture and Engineering (1 Zelenaya Street, 420043, Kazan, Russian Federation)

Ensuring the Safety of Reinforced Concrete Beams along the Oblique Section under Repeated Loads

The actuality of the problem of fatigue resistance of reinforced concrete structures along the oblique section under the action of repeated loads is substantiated. There are no recommendations for setting the criteria of fatigue rupture of reinforced concrete structures in SP 63.13330.2012 «Concrete and Reinforced Concrete Structures. Main provisions» The revised edition of SNiP 52-01–2003; they don’t regulate the methods for calculation of the stress state under repeated loads and the limits of materials durability. The article formulates recommendations on the development of new techniques and methods for fatigue strength calculation of reinforced concrete structures. Under repeated loads, the intensification of the concrete creep takes place that leads to the increase in residual deformations of the compressive zone of the concrete. As a result of development of vibro-creep of the concrete under constrained conditions in the process of cyclic loading, the continuous change in the stress-strain state, coefficients of the asymmetry of the stress cycle and fatigue endurance of concrete and reinforcement occur. In such conditions the most rational is to assess the states of structures under repeated loads via the test of endurance conditions.

Keywords: repeated loads, fatigue rapture, endurance, endurance limits, deformations of vibro-creep.

References
1. Berg O.Ya., Scherbakov E.N. To the accounting of nonlinear communication of tension and deformations of creep of concrete in engineering calculations. Isvestiya VUSov. Stroitelstvo i architectura. 1973. No. 12, pp. 14–21. (In Russian).
2. Bondarenko V.M., Kolchunov V.I. Raschetnye modeli silovogo soprotivleniya jelesobetona [Settlement models of power resistance of reinforced concrete] Мoscow: АSV, 2004. 471 p.
3. Karanfilov T.S., Volkov Yu.S. Influence of repeatedly povtorkny load of ferroconcrete designs. Тrudy Gidrоprоекtа. 1966. No. 13, pp. 110–119. (In Russian).
4. Kirillov A.P. Vynoslivost gidrotekhnicheskogo jelesobetona [Vynoslivost hydrotechnical reinforced concrete]. Мoscow: Energiya, 1978. 272 p.
5. Kirillov A.P., Mirsayapov I.T. Influence of vibrocreep on endurance of ferroconcrete designs. Beton i jelesobeton. 1986. No. 1, pp. 45–46. (In Russian).
6. Kirillov A.P., Mirsayapov I.T. Vynoslivost of inclined sections of the bent elements. Beton i jelesobeton. 1988. No. 7, pp. 36–38. (In Russian).
7. Mailyan R.L., Lalayants N.G., Manchenko G.N. Raschet betonnykh i jelesobetonnykh elementov pri vibracionnykh vosdeystviyakh [Calculation of concrete and ferroconcrete elements at vibration influences]. Rostov-na-Donu, 1983. 100 p.
8. Mirsayapov Il.T. Fisicheskie modeli ustalostnogo soprotivleniya jelesobetonnykh isgibaemykh elementov deystviyu poperechnykh sil. Isvestiya VUSov: «Stroitelstvo». 2006. No. 8, pp. 4–13. (In Russian).
9. Kholmyanskiy М.М. Beton i jelesobeton: Deformativnost i prochnost [Concrete and reinforced concrete: Deformation and strength]. Мoscow: Stroyisdat, 1997. 570 p.

N.D. DANILOV, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (rss_dan@mail.ru), A.A. SOBAKIN, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), P.A. FEDOTOV, Engineer North-Eastern Federal University named after M.K. Amosov (58, Belinskogo Street, 677000, Yakutsk, Russian Federation)

Optimal Insulation of Wall Junction of Frame-Monolithic Buildings with Ventilated Cellars

Numerical calculations of a fragment of T-joint of the wall and basement floor over the ventilated cellar, when a reinforced concrete beam and an insulation layer are placed under the masonry, are presented. Calculations are made for various variants of the supports on which the beam rests. The values of temperature on the inner surface of the corner joint of enclosures, a spatial angle including, have been obtained with the use of the program of calculation of three-dimensional temperature fields. Calculations confirm the efficiency of the insulation method considered. For confirming data obtained it is proposed to conduct the further testing on the experimental object.

Keywords: energy efficiency, wall, basement floor, temperature, dew point, heat conductivity factor.

References
1. Danilov N.D. Temperature ground floors in buildings with cold underground. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 1999. No. 10, pp. 24–26. (In Russian). References.
2. Samarin O.D. To a question of determination of temperature in an external corner of the building. Construction physics in the XXI century: Materials of scientific and technical conference. Moscow: NIISF RAASN, 2006. P. 104–107. (In Russian).
3. Danilov N.D., Shadrin V.Yu., Pavlov N.N. Forecasting of temperature condition of angular connections of the external protecting designs. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel’stvo. 2010. No. 4, pp. 20–21. (In Russian).
4. Danilov N.D., Fedotov P.A. The heateffective solution of angular connection of socle overlapping and a wall of monolithic buildings with cold undergrounds. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2012. No. 2, pp. 1–2. (In Russian).
5. Samarin O.D. Otsenka of the minimum value of temperature in an external corner of the building at its rounding off. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel’stvo. 2014. No. 8, pp. 34–38. (In Russian).
6. Danilov N.D., Fedotov P.A., Kuchkin I.R. Outside wall heat losses in corner rooms. Educatio. 2015. No. 2(9), pp. 31–34. (In Russian).
7. Danilov N.D., Fedotov P.A. Analysis of Ifluence of Corner Joints on Yeat Losses of External Walls. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2015. No. 8, pp. 14–17. (In Russian).
8. Gagarin V.G., Neklyudov A.Yu. The account heattechnical a neobottom-rodnostey of protections when determining thermal load of system of heating of the building. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2014. No. 6, pp. 3–7. (In Russian).
9. Danilov N.D., Fedotov P.A. Akimva N., Petrov D. Analysis of heat insulation options of socular overlapping angular joints and walls of framed-monolithic buildings with ventilated undergrounds from the outer side. Collection of materials XVI of international scientific and practical conference. Part 2. Technical scientific. Moscow. The Eurasian Union Of Scientists. 2015. No.7, pp.160–162. (In Russian).
10. Gagarin V.G., Kozlov V.V. Theoretical prerequisites of calculation of the specified resistance to a heat transfer of the protecting designs. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction materials]. 2010. No. 12, pp. 4–12. (In Russian).

P.N. KRAVCHUN¹, Candidate of Sciences (Physics and Mathematics) (gedackt@mail.ru); M.Yu. LANE ², Candidate of Sciences (Engineering)
1 Lomonosov Moscow State University (GSP-1, Leninskie Gory, Lomonosov MSU, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation)
2 Scientific Research Institute of Building Physics of RAACS (21, Lokomotivny Passage, 127238, Moscow, Russian Federation)

Acoustic Measurements in Concert Halls with the Use of Various Test Signals

Results of the experimental study of possibility to use various types of test signals for determining acoustic parameters of halls are presented. Measurements have been made in the recently opened organ hall «Motherland» (the city of Chelyabinsk). They were made both in the empty hall and in the hall fully occupied by audience. It is established that abruptly breaking organ chords can be used for determining the reverberation time in addition to traditionally used pseudorandom sequences of the maximum length and pistol shots. In the process of work the good coincidence of values of time of the hall reverberation with the audience measured in the ready room and calculated with the help of the computer model in the course of acoustic designing was determined.

Keywords: architectural acoustic, reverberation time, organ hall, acoustic measurements, test signal

References
1. Jambrosic K., Horvat M., Domitrovic H. Reverberation time measuring methods. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 2008. V. 123, рр. 3617.
2. Kravchun P.N., Lane M. Yu. Acoustics of the new organ hall with the pipe organ from the former Cathedral on Scarlet Paul in Chelyabinsk. Proceedings of the Scientific conference «Session of Scientific Council of the Russian Academy of Sciences on Acoustics and the XXV Session of the Russian Acoustical Society». Moscow: GEOS, 2012. V. 3, pp. 95–98. (In Russian).
3. Fletcher N.H., Rossing Th.D. The physics of musical instruments (2nd edition). New York–Berlin–Heidelberg: Springer Verlag, 2000. 756 p.

S.А. SYCHEV, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (sasychev@ya.ru) Saint-Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (4, 2-ya Krasnoarmeyskaya Street, 190005, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation)

Analysis of the Structure and Content of Process Modules of Integrated Elements Mounting

In modern conditions of construction industry there is an urgent need for the development of an integrative assessment methodology and analysis of the effectiveness of engineering solutions, the choice of rational technology of the installation of volumetric modules in the specific construction context. The acceleration of scientific and technical progress in the field of high-speed construction of modular buildings is impossible without the widespread introduction of fundamentally new technologies that ensure high productivity, efficiency and quality of construction of modular buildings. The search for the optimal technology of modular building construction involves determining the combination of parameters and characteristics of the system, which ensure the minimization of reduced expenditures, complexity and duration of works, socio-ecological, ergonomic and other requirements.

Keywords: energy efficiency, energy saving, quick build, unified modular structures, prefabricated at the factory, prefabricated modular buildings, high speed of construction.

References
1. Asaul A.N., Kazakov Ju.N., Bykov B.L., Knjaz' I.P., Erofeev P.Ju. Teorija i praktika ispol'zovanija bystrovozvodimyhzdanij [Teoriya i praktika ispol'zovaniya bystrovozvodimykh zdanii.]. SPb.: Gumanistika, 2004. 463 р.
2. Afanas'ev A.A. Tehnologija vozvedenija polnosbornyh zdanij [Tekhnologiya vozvedeniya polnosbornykh zdanii ]. Moskva, 2000. 287 р.
3. Afanas'ev A.V., Afanas'ev V.A. Organizacija stroitel'stva bystrovozvodimyh zdanij i sooruzhenij. Bystrovozvodimye i mobil'nye zdanija i sooruzhenija: perspektivy ispol'zovanija v sovremennyh uslovijah [Organizatsiya stroitel'stva bystrovozvodimykh zdanii i sooruzhenii. Bystrovozvodimye i mobil'nye zdaniya i sooruzheniya: perspektivy ispol'zovaniya v sovremennykh usloviyakh]. SPb.: Strojizdat, 1998, рр. 226–230.
4. Bad'in G.M., Sychev S.A. Analiz defektov montazha i jekspluatacii bystrovozvodimyh konstrukcij. Sovremennye problemy nauki i obrazovanija. 2015. № 2, рр. 218–223. (In Russian).
5. Bad'in G.M., Sychev S.A. Sovremennye tehnologii stroitel'stva i rekonstrukcii zdanij [Modern technologies of construction and reconstruction of buildings]. SPb.: BHVPeterburg, 2013. 288 р.
6. Verstov V.V., Bad'in G.M. Osobennosti proektirovanija i stroitel'stva zdanij i sooruzhenij v Sankt-Peterburge Vestnik grazhdanskih inzhenerov. 2010. № 1 (22), рр. 96–105. (In Russian).
7. Kazakov Ju.N., Sychev S.A. Sistema vozvedenija domov zavodskogo izgotovlenija. Materials of the International scientific and practical conference «Science and Education in Life of Modern Society». Tambov, 2015. рр. 63–65.
8. Day A. When modern buildings are built offsite. Building engineer. 2011, 86(6), pp.18–19.
9. Fudge J., Brown S. (2011). Prefabricated modular concrete construction. Building engineer. 2011, 86 (6), pp. 20–21.
10. Head P.R. Construction materials and technology: A Look at the future. Proceedings of the ICE – Civil Engineering. 2001, 144 (3), pp. 113–118.
11. Rounce G. Quality, waste and cost considerations in architectural building design management. International Journal of Project Management, 1998, 16 (2), pp. 123–127.
12. Swamy R.N. Holistic design: key to sustainability in concrete construction. Proceedings of the ICE – Structures and Building. 2001, 146 (4), pp. 371–379.
13. Wang Y., Huang Z., Heng L. Cost-effectiveness assessment of insulated exterior wall of residential buildings in cold climate. International Journal of Project Management, 2007. 25 (2), pp. 143–149.

A.D. DROZDOV¹ (drosdov@list.ru) Candidate of Sciences (Engineering); L.M. KOLCHEDANTSEV², Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), G.V. RYAPOLOV¹, Civil Engineer, M.A. TSYGANKOVA¹, Civil Engineer
1 Tyumen State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (2, Lunacharskogo Street, 652001, Tyumen, Russian Federation)
2 Saint-Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (4, 2nd Krasnoarmeiskaya Street, 190005, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation)

Practical Experience in Development of Program of Works on Construction of Retaining Structures in the City of Sochi

The article presents results of the development and practical application of the program of works when constructing retaining structures on landslide slopes. In the course of realization of the design solution for engineering development of a territory for development of a residential area in the micro-district “Kudepsta” of Sochi, the building company carried out the works for erection of the retaining wall of cast-in-situ piles according to the technique “Bauer” and a monolithic reinforced concrete spandrel beam. Ground anchors of the “Titan” type ensure the stability of retaining walls. The program of works provides the stage-by-stage execution with dividing the spread of work into work zones in plan and tiers height along. The description of works execution including the organization of a site for the beginning of residential houses construction is presented. It is shown that the realization of an organizational-technological scheme in this program of works testifies the reasonability of the use of solutions adopted at other objects with due regard for concrete conditions.

Keywords: retaining structures, anti-landslide measures, program of works, cast-in-situ piles, ground anchor

References
1. Pronozin Ya.A., R. V Millers. Strengthening of the slope which is in an ultraboundary state. Actual problems of construction, ecology and energy saving in the conditions of Western Siberia. The collection of materials of the international scientific and practical conference in three volumes. Tyumen state architectural and construction university. Tyumen. 2014, рр. 60–64. (In Russian).
2. Pronozin Ya.A., Samokhvalov M.A., Kaygorodov M.D. Strengthening of foundation of the building at the device of an underground floor on object of historical and cultural heritage in Tyumen. Actual problems of construction, ecology and energy saving in the conditions of Western Siberia. The collection of materials of the international scientific and practical conference in three volumes. Tyumen state architectural and construction university. Tyumen 2014, рр. 69–74. (In Russian).
3. Shashkin A.G., Bogov S.G. Approbation of diaphragm wall technology under geological engineering conditions of St. Petersburg. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel'stvo. 2012. No. 11, pp. 20–22. (In Russian).
4. Malinin A.G. Struinaya tsementatsiya gruntov [Jet cementation of soil]. M.: Stroiizdat, 2010. 238 р. (In Russian).
5. Malinin A.G. New opportunities of jet cementation of soil. Transportnoe stroitel'stvo. 2014. No. 7, pp. 10–14. (In Russian).
6. Gul'shina Yu.G., Malinin P.A., Salmin I.A., Strunin P.V. Experience of application of new technology of soil anchors of AtlantJet when fastening a deep ditch in Moscow. Papers of the international scientific and technical conference «Modern geotechnologies in construction and their scientific and technical maintenance. Sankt-Peterburg, 2014, pp. 142–148. (In Russian).
7. Mangushev, R.A. Proektirovanie i ustroistvo podzemnykh sooruzhenii v otkrytykh kotlovanakh [Design and installation of underground structures in open pits]. Мoscow: АSV, 2013. 256 p. (In Russian).
8. Malinin A.G., Gladkov I.L., Zhemchugov A.A. Strengthening of weak soil in the highway embankment basis by means of technology of jet cementation. Transportnoe stroitel'stvo. 2013. No. 1, pp. 4–6. (In Russian).
9. Makovetsky O.A., Zuev S.S., Khusainov I.I. The use of jet grouting for construction of underground parts of complexes. Zhilishhnoe stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2013. No. 9, рр. 10–14. (In Russian).
10. Makovetsky O.A., Zuev S.S., Ponomarev A.A. «Wall in soil» technology: terms of construction are considerably reduced. Experience of construction of underground multilevel parking. Stroitel'nyi vestnik Tyumenskoi oblasti. 2008. No. 1, pp. 80–82. (In Russian).

T.A. BELASH, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), D.A. SERGEEV, Engineer(iamfrookt@gmail.com) Saint Petersburg State Transport University of the Emperor Alexander I (9 Moscovsky Avenue, 190031, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation)

Implementation of Principle of Seismic Isolation in Buildings on Permafrost Soils

Methods for construction of earthquake resistance buildings under the conditions of permafrost are considered in the article. A high pilework is one of widespread seismic isolation methods used today. The high seismicity of the construction site requires additional damping of the seismic isolation system. The author’s designs of earthquake resistant foundations on the basis of overground pilework are presented.

Keywords: earthquake resistance, permafrost, high pilework, damping

References
1. Belash T.A., Uzdin A.M. Railway buildings for areas with special climatic conditions and technogenic influences [Zheleznodorozhnye zdaniya dlya raionov s osobymi prirodnoklimaticheskimi usloviyami i tekhnogennymi vozdeistviyami]. 2007. М.: GOU UMC GDT. 372 p. (In Russian).
2. Kharitonov V.A. Aseismic construction on permafrost soil [Seismostoikoe stroitel'stvo na vechnomerzlykh gruntakh]. M.: Stroyizdat. 1980. 80 p. (In Russian).
3. Patent USSR 702958. Svainyi fundament dlya zdanii, sooruzhenii, vozvodimykh na vechnomerzlykh gruntakh [The pile base for the buildings, constructions built on permafrost soil]. Uzdin A.M., Savinov O.A., Sakharova V.V., Sandovich T.A. Declared 01.08.1977. (In Russian).
4. Patent RF 143428. Fundament seismostoikogo zdaniya. [Base of the aseismic building]. Belash T.A., Nud'ga I.B., Sergeev D.A. Declared 10.02.14. Published 20.072014. Bulletin № 20. (In Russian).

A.G. BOL’SHAKOV, Doctor of Architecture Irkutsk National Research State Technical University (83, Lermontova Street, 664074, Irkutsk, Russian Federation)

Social Efficiency of Urban Planning

Planning and development of cities are considered in connection with the social efficiency of urban planning activity. Efficiency is understood as the creation of functional-planning conditions for the social reproduction of the urban community: physical, material, cultural, and professional. Methods of the urban activity, with the help of which the layout and development are planned and designed, are considered. Methods of location, methods of zoning (aggregation). Residential buildings of standard series occupy the lion’s share in the housing stock of a contemporary major city. Main designs of standard series of residential buildings realized in the city of Irkutsk are considered.

Keywords: territorial organization of city, social reproduction, urban planning methods, location method, zoning method (aggregation), housing stock, standard residential development.

References
1. Bolshakov A.G. Assessment morphotypes of development as a reflection of the interests and values of the local community and their balance as the principle of the urban regeneration of the historic centre of. Vestnik IRGSU. 2012. No. 9, рp. 89–97. (In Russia).
2. Vil'kovskii M.B. Sotsiologiya arkhitektury [ ]. M.: Fond «Russkii avangard», 2010. 592 p. (In Russian).
3. Landshaftovedeniye: theory, methods, regional researches, practice. Materials XI of the International landscape conference. Moscow: Geograficheskii fakul'tet MGU, 2006. 788 p. (In Russian).
4. Krasnoshchekova N.S. Formirovanie prirodnogo karkasa v general'nykh planakh gorodov: uchebnoe posobie dlya vuzov [Formation of a natural framework in master plans of the cities]. M.: Arkhitektura S, 2010. 184 p. (In Russian).
5. Lavrik G.I. Anisimov A.I. Regional town-planning problems and their possible decision. Gradostroitel'stvo. 2010. № 4, pp. 15–21. (In Russian).
6. Yargina Z.N. Gradostroitel'nyi analiz [ ]. M.: Stroiizdat, 1984. 245 s. (In Russian).
7. Bol'shakov A.G., Cherepanov K.A. Metodika vybora parametrov zastroiki goroda na osnove otsenki ekologicheskikh rezhimov elementov form gorodskogo rel'efa. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel'stvo [Housing Construction]. 2014. № 2, pp. 32–37. (In Russian).
8. Bolshakov A.G. Geoplastika in architecture and landscape planning [Geoplastika v arkhitekture i planirovke landshafta]. Irkutsk: Institute of geography of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 2008. 146 p. (In Russian).
9. Kazhaeva L.B. Building morphotypes – in the theory and in practice. Arkhitekturnyi vestnik. 2011. № 4 (121), pp. 42–47. (In Russian).
10. Vysokovskii A.A. Pravila zemlepol'zovaniya i zastroiki: rukovodstvo po razrabotke. Opyt vvedeniya pravovogo zonirovaniya v Kyrgyzstane [Building morphotypes – in the theory and in practice]. Bishkek.: Ega-Basma, 2005. 332 p. (In Russian).
11. Andres Duany, Elizabeth Plater-Ziberk and Jeff Speck Suburban Nation: The Rise of Sprawl and the Decline of the American Dream. New York: North Point Press, 2000. 294 pp.
12. Bolshakov A.G. Town-planning form of a city landscape as a condition and result of planning and regulation of townplanning activity in Irkutsk. The Messenger of Irkutsk state technical university. 2010. No. 7, pp. 70–80. (In Russian).
13. Bauer N.W., Shabatura L.N. Kultura of formation of a steady urban environment. The Messenger of Ishimsky state teacher training college of P.P. Yershov. 2013. Т. 9. No. 3, pp. 4–9. (In Russian).
14. Cherkasova Yu. V. Standard architecture of the Soviet period in a cultural and historical context (on the example of Komsomolsk-on-Amur). Molodoi uchenyi. 2012. № 1. T. 2, рр. 155–158. (In Russian).
15. Lezhava I.G. XXI century choice – linear structure of city systems. Izvestiya KazGASU. 2009. № 2 (12). S. 66–69. (In Russian).

G.I. NAUMKIN, Candidate of Architecture (g.i.naumkin@mail.com) State University of Land Use Planning (15, Kazakova Street, Moscow 105064, Russian Federation)

Principal Features in Formation of Architecture of Administration Buildings

Administration buildings are divided into functional blocks. In the structural formation of administration institutions the functional blocks provide professional functions of management apparatus. It is shown that when changes, associated with new technological functions, it is necessary to redistribute the space-planning structure of administrative buildings with adaptation of the existing space in the structural formation of administration buildings. In the process of building operation the same room can be used for various functions, it is also necessary to provide the possibility of transfering this room to other structural administration departments.

Keywords: management, structure, blocks, composition, professional function of management apparatus

References
1. Gigovskaja N.E., Kopeljanskij D.G., Lerner I.I., Muradov G.A. Administrativnye zdanija. [Administration buildings] M.: Strojizdat, 1975. 182 p. (In Russian).
2. Naumkin G.I. The methodology for the design of buildings of representative offices. Actual problems of architecture and design. Collection of scientific works of young scientists and teachers of architectural department of the State University of Land Management. 2014, pp. 90–95. (In Russian).
3. Naumkin G.I. Methodological recommendations on the structural formation of building offices. XII International scientific and practical conference «Scientific Perspectives XXI century. Achievements and prospects of the new century». Novosibirsk. 2015. No. 6 (13). Р. 4, pp. 109–112. (In Russian).
4. Naumkin G.I. Functional in-building offices. XI International scientific-practical conference «Domestic Science in the measurements: the past and the tenets of the theory of modern times». Ekaterinburg. 2015. No. 6 (11). Р. 4, pp. 41–43. (In Russian).
5. Razin A.D. Design and architecture features of modern diplomatic facilities. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel'stvo. 2010. No. 5, pp. 47–50. (In Russian).

T.P. YAKOVLEVA, Doctor of Sciences (Medicine) (yakoff.t@yandex.ru), M.A. KALITINA, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (mkalitina@bk.ru), E.A. NOVOKHATSKAYA, Candidate of Sciences (Medicine) (villion@bk.ru) Russian State Social University (4, structure 1, Vilhelm Pieck Street, 129226, Moscow, Russian Federation)

Problem of Traumatism in Construction

The article presents results of the analysis of industrial traumatism in the construction industry of the Russian Federation on the example of a construction company of Moscow. Issues of the frequency and severity of injuries caused in the course of construction works are considered in comparison with the figures for the Russian Federation for the period from 2004 to 2014. Results of the influence of certain conditions on the formation of industrial traumatism in the construction company are presented. It is shown that the levels of the indicators of occupational traumatism in construction are significantly higher than the average in Russia. Based on the analysis of the causes of traumatism, it is established that the important factors are not only working conditions but also the level of professionalism and professional experience.

Keywords: working conditions, factor of trauma frequency received in the course of production, trauma frequency with a fatal outcome, risk of injury at production, conditions of formation of traumatism.

References
1. Izmerov N.F., Tikhonova G.I. Actual problems of health of the working-age population in the Russian Federation. Vestnik rossiiskoi akademii meditsinskikh nauk. 2010. No. 9, pp. 3–8. (In Russian).
2. Samsonov A.Yu. Assessment of a current state of operational injuries and professional incidence in Russia. Neftegazovoe delo: electronic scientific journal. 2006. No. 2. http://www. ogbus.ru/authors/Samsonov/Samsonov_1.pdf (date of access 22.01.2016). (In Russian).
3. Khristoforov E.N., Sakovich N.E., Sluchevskii A.M., Bezzub Yu.V. Analysis of the state of labor in the construction industry Bryansk Region. Bezopasnost' zhiznedeyatel'nosti. 2014. No. 4, pp. 42–45. (In Russian).
4. Edamenko A.S. Occupational injuries in the construction industry. Tekhnologii tekhnosfernoi bezopasnosti: Internetjournal. 2013. Vol. No. 5 (51). http://ipb.mos.ru/ttb. (date of access 24.01.2016). (In Russian).
5. Karaush S.A., Gerasimova O.O. Safety of works when constructing facilities. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel'nogo universiteta. 2013. No. 3, pp. 315–319. (In Russian).
6. Kuznetsov G. Real injuries and official statements. Okhrana truda i sotsial'noe strakhovanie. 2005. No. 10. pp. 43–47. (In Russian).
7. Malayan K.R. Comparative analysis of occupational injuries. Bezopasnost' v tekhnosfere. 2006. No. 2, pp. 37–40. (In Russian).
8. Tikhonova G.I., Churanova A.N., Gorchakova T.Yu. Occupational risk in terms of occupational injuries in Russia. Meditsina truda i promyshlennaya ekologiya. 2012. No. 3, pp. 9–14. (In Russian).
9. Shchennikov N.I., Kuragina T.I., Pachurin G.V. The psychological emphasis in the analysis of occupational accidents and its prevention. Sovremennye problemy nauki i obrazovaniya. 2009. No. 4, pp. 162–169. (In Russian).
10. Murtonen M. Otsenka riskov na rabochem meste [The risk assessment in the workplace]. Moscow: MOT. 2011. Vol. 1 «Experience in Finland». 63 p.

M.V. ZOLOTAREVA, Candidate of Architecture (goldmile@yandexl.ru) Saint-Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (4, 2-nd Krasnoarmeiskaya Street, 190005, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation)

Volume-Spatial Features of Development of Malaya Okhta in Leningrad (1920–1940)

In accordance with modern views and research, changes occur in existing assessments of the architectural process of 1920–1940. Results of the town development and space-planning process on the territory of Leningrad are analyzed and evaluated. Problems of the formation of the architectural-urban development environment when developing the new territories as well as when introducing projected complexes in the development of historical parts of the city are identified. The article considers space-planning features of the pre-war development of one of the districts of Leningrad in 1938–1940.

Keywords: architectural-urban development environment, space-planning process, architectural conception of quarter

References
1. Baranov N.V. Glavnyi arkhitektor goroda: Tvorcheskaya i orgyanizatsionnaya deyatel’nost’ [Chief architect of the city: Creative and orgyanizatsionny activity]. Moscow: Stroyizdat, 1979. 170 p. (In Russian).
2. Simonov G.A. Planning of residential quarters. Arkhitektura Leningrada. 1938. No. 2, pp. 36–38. (In Russian).
3. Questions of housing construction. Arkhitektura Leningrada. 1938. No. 1 (6), pp. 34–40. (In Russian).
4. Simonov G.A., Guryev O.I. The Residential quarter on Small Okhta. Residential quarters in again developed territories of Leningrad. Arkhitektura Leningrada. 1936. No. 2, pp. 33–34. (In Russian).
5. Kurbatov Yu.I. Petrograd. Leningrad. Sankt-Peterburg: Arkhitekturno-gradostroitel’nye uroki [Petrograd. Leningrad. St. Petersburg: Architectural and town-planning lessons]. Sankt-Peterburg: Iskusstvo Sankt-Peterburga, 2008. 280 p. (In Russian).
6. Ilyin L.A. New quarters as components of ensemble of Leningrad. Arkhitektura Leningrada. 1936. No. 2, pp. 39–43. (In Russian).
7. Makhrovskaya A.V. Rekonstruktsiya starykh zhilykh raionov krupnykh gorodov: Na primere Leningrada [Reconstruction of old residential areas of the large cities: On the example of Leningrad]. Leningrad: Stroiizdat , 1986. 352 p. (In Russian).
8. Bylinkin N.P., Volodin P.A., Kornfeld Ya.A., Mikhaylova A.I., Savitsky Yu.Yu. Istoriya sovetskoi arkhitektury. 1917–1958 [Istoriya of the Soviet architecture. 1917–1958]. Moskva: Gosudarstvennoe izdatel’stvo literatury po stroitel’stvu, arkhitekture i stroitel’nym materialam 1962. 348 p. (In Russian).
9. Kruglikov Yu. Placement of child care facilities in inhabited cases. Arkhitektura Leningrada. 1937. No. 3, pp. 24–28. (In Russian).
10. Tverskoy L.M. The some remarks on planning of new quarters. Arkhitektura Leningrada. 1936. No. 2, pp. 36–39. (In Russian).
11. Kurbatov Yu.I. Balans of values of new architecture of historic center of St. Petersburg (between acceptance of the population and a tendency of its denial). Architectura i stroitelstvo Moscvi. 2004. No. 2–3, pp. 24–30. (In Russian).
12. Granstrem M.A., Zolotareva M.V. Research in the Structure of Historical Housing Development of Saint-Petersburg. Zhilishchnoe Stroitelstvo [Housing Constructions]. 2014. № 11, рр. 11–13. (In Russian).