A.V. MASLYAEV, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (victor3705@mail.ru) Volgograd State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (1 Akademicheskaya Street, Volgograd, Russian Federation)

Analysis of Provisions of the RF Federal Laws and Normative Documents Concerning the Use of the RF Maps of Seismic Hazards (OSR-2015) in Construction

The degree of seismic protection of buildings and structures depends on the magnitude of calculated seismic hazard used. The set of maps OSR-2015 provides for each human settlement in earthquake-prone regions three maps (A, B, C) which are characterized by different levels of seismic danger. The difference between the minimal seismic danger according to the map A and maximal danger according to the map C for territories of the majority of human settlements is two points. But this difference is enough that buildings which are calculated for the minimal seismic danger are destroyed in the course of earthquakes of maximal intensity with death of people. The article analyzes the provisions of the RF Federal Laws and normative documents which “help” the customers to select the minimal seismic hazard for design of majority of buildings and structures on the territory of Russia. It is substantiated that most of buildings and structures on the territory of Russia are built with low strength characteristics. Even the human settlements in Russia are built without protection against the impact of dangerous natural phenomena. Other rules for the protection of settlements, buildings, and structures against earthquakes are proposed.

Keywords: earthquake, seismic protection, building, human life, seismic hazard.

References
1. Masljaev A.V. Protection of settlements of Russia from influence of the dangerous natural phenomena. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing construction]. 2014. No. 4, pp. 40–43. (In Russian).
2. Masljaev A.V. Paradigm of Federal laws and standard documents of the Russian Federation for seismoprotection of buildings of the raised responsibility at earthquake. Vestnik VolgGASU. Seriya.: Stoitelstvo I arhitectura. 2015. No. 41 (60), pp. 74–83. (In Russian).
3. Masljaev А.В. About absence in Federal standard documents of requirements of the Federal law № 384- FZ protection of life and health of citizens in buildings at earthquake. Prirodnye i tekhnogennye riski. Bezopasnost’ sooruzhenii. 2014. No. 3, pp. 32–34. (In Russian).
4. Masljaev A.V. Seismic danger in territory of the Volgograd region is underestimated by standard cards ОСР-97 the Russian Federation at the expense of simplification of tectonic conditions. Seismostoikoe stroitel’stvo. Bezopasnost’ sooruzhenii. 2011. No. 6, pp. 46–49. (In Russian).
5. Masljaev A.V. Analys of federal state educational standards of higher education in a direction of preparation «Building». Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing construction]. 2015. No. 12, pp. 21–25. (In Russian).

V.S. GRYZLOV, Doktor of Science (Engeniring) (gryvs@mail.ru) Cherepovets State University (5, Lunacharsky Avenue, 162600, Cherepovets, Russian Federation)

Practice – the focused approach in training of civil engineers

Results of experiment on network interaction of higher education institution – construction college – employers on development of the practician – oriyentrovanny approach by preparation of inzhenern – builders are given. Linkng of training with formation of professional experience at students at their immersion on professional Wednesday is provided during educational, production, predegree the practician and performance of final qualification work. The option of increase in duration of performance of final qualification work for the purpose of achievement of completeness of study of all sections and creation of conditions of real engineering design is offered.

Keywords: applied bachelor degree, professional standards, working qualification, engineering design.

References
1. Ilyichev V.A., Kolchunov V.I., Bakaev N.V. Modern architecture – building education in the light of the security tasks in the life of the environment. Zilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing construction]. 2016. No. 3, pp. 3–9. (In Russian).
2. Gryzlov V.S. Competence – a modular approach in the preparation of bachelors builders. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2014. No. 9, pp. 55–62. (In Russian).
3. Kulygina L.A. Tools of realization of organizational and pedagogical conditions of technology through course design. Inzhenernoe obrazovanie. 2013. No. 11, pp. 66–72. (In Russian).
4. Gryzlov V.S. Kompetentnostno-modular approach in the higher technical education [Competence – a modular approach in higher technical education]. Cherepovets: CSU. 2015. 208 p. (In Russian).

A.N. REMIZOV, Аrchitect, (re.mi@mail.ru) Russian Sustainable Architecture and Building Council (12, of. 28, Granatnyi Lane, 123001, Moscow, Russian Federation)

An «Energy Trail» as a Factor of Form Making and Urban Development

An “energy trail” of city residents in contemporary industrial cities is more than usually assumed, if to sum all the types of energy required for providing the human activity including production of food and transport. In the post-carbon world, without the use of fossil energy sources, large squares will be required for meeting all human needs in production of energy and food. The article contains the concept of city design and form making of buildings which includes in the city boundary the «energy trail» of a human being consisting of the energy required for providing the human activity and transport as well as production of food. These proposals reveal the strong dependence of buildings forms and city plans on the energy which they produce, accumulate and consume that can be starting point for developing the concepts of new cities and areas based on the method for energy production and its use. One of possible areas for using this approach can be design of shelters and cities from scratch for hundred thousands of refugees, for example, after natural disasters and also as an urban development program or development of suburban areas of existing cities and construction of new cities.

Keywords: energy trail, energy, human activity, post-carbon world, urban development, green construction, energy efficiency.

References
1. Korchagina O.A. Ostrovskaya A.A. Yudina O.A. Ilyasova O.I. «Green» construction. Components of scientific and technological progress. 2013. No. 3 (18), рp. 42–45. (In Russian).
2. Remizov A.N. Аrchitecture and Eco-sustainability – Complexity of Relationship. Zhilishhnoe stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2015. No. 1, рp. 45–48. (In Russian).
3. Tsitsin K.G. Power effective technologies – the future of housing construction. Effektivnoe antikrizisnoe upravlenie. 2013. No. 2 (77), рp. 50–51. (In Russian).
4. Danilov S.I. Aktivny, because passive and clever. Initsiativy XXI veka. 2011 . No. 4–5, рp. 72–83. (In Russian).
5. Bunina O.A. State and prospects of development of objects of green construction in the city of stavropol. Sovremennye naukoemkie tekhnologii. 2009. No. 3, рp. 50–51. (In Russian).
6. Remizov A.N. On Stimulation of Environmentally Sustainable Architecture and Building. Zhilishhnoe stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2014. No. 3, рp. 41–43. (In Russian).
7. Esaulov G.V. Sustainable architecture as a design paradigm (the question of definition) «Sustainable Architecture: Present and Future». Papers of the International Symposium. 17–18 November 2011. Papers of the Moscow Architectural Institute (State Academy) and the group Knauf CIS. Mosckow: 2012, pp. 22–25. (In Russian).
8. Sapacheva L.V. Ecosteady position of the Russian architects. Zhilishhnoe stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2010. No. 12, рp. 19–22. (In Russian).
9. Remizov A.N. Eco-sustainable as aProcess. Zhilishhnoe stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2016. No. 4, рp. 48–51. (In Russian).
10. Remizov A.N. Energy Autonomous Bioclimatic Building. Zhilishhnoe stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2011. No. 12, рp. 10–13. (In Russian).

The largest , a prestigious international award for property has 27 nominations. Mission award " Records of real estate market " - help in the successful interaction of market participants real estate ; increase the transparency and openness of information about the objects and companies. The winner is revealed on the basis of the three stages of voting : people's voting and jury professionals in the real estate market ( the day of the awards ceremony ) .

O.S. SUBBOTIN, Doctor of Architecture (subbos@yandex.ru) Kuban State Agrarian University (13, Kalinina Street, 350044, Krasnodar, Russian Federation)

Innovative Materials and Technologies at Olympic Stadiums in the City of Sochi

Examples of using innovative materials and technologies at the Olympic stadiums in the city of Sochi are presented. The relevance of this scientific article theme is due to the fact that in the modern practice of designing and construction of sports buildings and structures the significant experience in the use of mentioned innovative materials and technologies at these objects has been accumulated. The scientific study of the problem of innovation is reflected in designing and construction of objects for the XXII Olympic Winter Games and the XI Paralympic Winter Games in Sochi. The most important sports facilities, the Bolshoy Ice Dome, the Iceberg Skating Palace, are considered. Technical-economic characteristics, structural conceptions and functions of p Examples of using innovative materials and technologies at the Olympic stadiums in the city of Sochi are presented. Technical-economic characteristics, structural solutions and functions of prefabricated structures of mentioned objects are defined. The attention is accentuated on the use of seismic-resistant structures with systems of dry construction.

Keywords: innovation, technology, material, ice palace, zoning, solution, panel, partition, dry construction.

References
1. Ferronskaya A.V., Korotkov V.F., Baranov I.M., Buryanov A.F., Losev Y.G., Poplavskii V.V., Shishin A.V. Gips v maloetazhnom stroitel’stve [Gypsum in low-rise construction]. Moscow: ASV, 2008. 240 p. (In Russian).
2. Lenga G. Participation in solving the problems of energy efficiency in construction – as a factor in the development of sustainable construction in Russia and the SNG. Proceedings of the International Symposium «Sustainable Architecture: Present and Future» (17–18 November 2011) and the Moscow Institute of Architecture group Knauf SNG. Moscow: 2012, pp. 16–17. (in Russian).
3. Trofimov B.J., Chernych T.N., Bondarenko S.A., Populova A.V. Gypsum materials and products [Gipsovye materialy i izdeliya]. Chelyabinsk: PIRS, 2009, pp. 6. (In Russian).
4. Kusainov A.A., Ilichev V.A., Botabekov A.K., Henkel F.-O. Schalke M.D. Proektirovanie seismostoikikh konstruktsii s komplektnymi sistemami sukhogo stroitel’stva [Hol seismic design with complete system of dry construction]. Moscow: ASV, 2008. 272 p. Iin Russian).
5. Subbotin O.S. The architecture of the building intellectualization systems. International collection of scientific papers: Resource-saving technologies and the effective use of local resources in construction. NGAU. Novosibirsk, 2013, pp. 273–277. (In Russian).
6. Subbotin O.S. Features of reconstruction of historical buildings in Krasnodar city center. Zhilishnoe Stroitelstvo [Housing construction]. 2011. № 4, pp. 7–9. (In Russian).

S.А. SYCHEV, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (sasychev@ya.ru) Saint-Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (4, 2-ya Krasnoarmeyskaya Street, 190005, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation)

Virtual Solutions of Designing of Program of Works on the Basis of Information BIM Technologies at High-Speed Erection of Prefabricated Buildings from High-Technological Construction Systems

The concept and methodology of interactive design of a program of works on the basis of using techno-information models, process flow diagrams and layouts of construction sites in the 3D system are outlined. The article presents the characteristics and principles of accelerated assembly (assembly, disassembly) of standardized modular structures, methods for prefabrication of block-sections at the factory, their transportation and installation of prefabricated modular buildings. High speed of construction is ensured by qualitative interactive project of manufacture of works, logistics of presentation of consistency and completeness of the information, the use of BIM technologies, unconditional application of constant quality control of works at all stages of construction with automatic accuracy control over the installation of building structures and execution of construction operations.

Keywords: quick assembly, standardized modular structures pre-fabricated in the factory, pre-fabricated modular buildings, high speed of construction, program of works, logistics, BIM technologies, quality control, accuracy check.

References
1. Afanas’ev A.A. Tehnologija vozvedenija polnosbornyh zdanij [Technology of construction of prefabrication buildings]. Moskva, 2000. 287 р. (In Russian).
2. Afanas’ev A.V., Afanas’ev V.A. Organizacija stroitel’stva bystrovozvodimyh zdanij i sooruzhenij. Bystrovozvodimye i mobil’nye zdanija i sooruzhenija: perspektivy ispol’zovanija v sovremennyh uslovijah [The organization of construction of the fast-built buildings and constructions. The fast-built and mobile buildings and constructions: prospects of use in modern conditions]. SPb.: Strojizdat, 1998, рр. 226–230. (In Russian).
3. Verstov V.V., Badyin G.M. Features of design and construction of buildings and constructions in St. Petersburg. Vestnik gragdanskih ingenerov. 2010. No. 1, рр. 96–105. (In Russian).
4. Nikolaev S.V. SPKD – system of construction of housing for future generations. Zhilishchnoe Stroitelstvo [Housing construction]. 2013. No. 1, pp. 7–15. (In Russian).
5. Sychev S.A. Modelirovanie tekhnologicheskikh protsessov uskorennogo montazha zdanii iz modul’nykh sistem. Montazhnye i special’nye raboty v stroitel’stve. 2015. No. 11, pp. 18–25. (In Russian).
6. Asaul A.N., Kazakov Ju.N., Bykov B.L., Knjaz’ I.P., Erofeev P.Ju. Teorija i praktika ispol’zovanija bystrovozvodimyh zdanij [The theory and practice of use of the fast-built buildings]. SPb.: Gumanistika, 2004. 463 р. (In Russian).
7. Sychev S.A. System analysis technology of high-speed construction in Russia and abroad. Perspektivy nauki. 2015. No. 9, pp. 45–53. (In Russian).
8. Sychev S.A. Structural-Functional Scheme of Automation of High-Speed Installation of Buildings of Increased Prefabrication Modules. Zhilishchnoe Stroitelstvo [Housing construction]. 2016. No. 5, рр. 40–43. (In Russian).
9. Fudge J., Brown S. Prefabricated modular concrete construction. Building engineer. 2011. No. 86 (6), pp. 20–21.
10. Knaack U., Chung-Klatte Sh., Hasselbach R. Prefabricated systems: Principles of construction. De Gruyter. 2012. 67 p.
11. Wang Y., Huang Z., Heng L. Cost-effectiveness assessment of insulated exterior wall of residential buildings in cold climate. International Journal of Project Management. 2007. No. 25 (2), pp. 143–149.
12. Head P.R. Construction materials and technology: A Look at the future. Proceedings of the ICE – Civil Engineering. 2001. No. 144 (3), pp. 113–118.
13. Swamy R.N. Holistic design: key to sustainability in concrete construction. Proceedings of the ICE – Structures and Buildings. 2001. No. 146 (4), pp. 371–379.
14. Lawson R.M., Richards. J. Modular design for high-rise buildings. Proceedings of the ICE – Structures and Buildings. 2001. No. 163 (3), pp. 151–164.
15. Nadim W., Goulding J.S. Offsite production in the UK: The Way forward? A UK construction industry perspective Construction Innovation: Information, Process, Management. 2010. No. 10 (2), pp. 181–202.
16. Day A. When modern buildings are built offsite. Building engineer. 2010. No. 86 (6), pp. 18–19.
17. Allen E., Iano J. Fundamentals of building construction: Materials and methods. J. Wiley & Sons. 2004, 28 p.
18. Fudge J., Brown S. Prefabricated modular concrete construction. Building engineer. 2011. No. 86 (6), pp. 20–21.
19. Staib G., Dörrhöfer A., Rosenthal M. Components and systems: Modular construction: Design, structure, new technologies. Institut für internationale Architektur-Dokumentation, München, 2008. 34 p.
20. Knaack U., Chung-Klatte Sh., Hasselbach R. Prefabricated systems: Principles of construction. De Gruyter. 2012. 67 p.

L.N. DANILEVSKIY, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), First Deputy Director (leonik@tut.by), S.L. DANILEVSKIY, Senior Researcher Republican Unitary Enterprise «Institute of Housing – NIPTIS named after Ataev S.S.» (15, F. Skoriny Street, Minsk, 220114, Belarus)

Definition of Thermal Power Characteristics and Energy Classification of Operated Residential Buildings
A method for controlling thermo-energy indicators of residential buildings, the basis of which is defining the coefficient of specific heat losses of buildings, is proposed. It is shown that in the course of measuring, it is necessary to take into account the information on hot water consumption in a building. Ignoring this information may lead to an error up to 25% of the measured value. In contrast to the known methods, the method proposed gives the opportunity for combined processing of data received according to several heating seasons. Results of the data processing for building in the Republic of Belarus and Kazakhstan are presented.

Keywords: energy classification, heat energy, heating, coefficient, specific heat losses.

References
1. SNIP II-3–79* Stroitel’naya teplotekhnika [Building the heating engineer]. Moscow: State Committee for Construction, 1980. 20 p. (In Russian).
2. SNB 2.01.01–93 Stroitel’naya teplotekhnika [Building Heat Engineering]. Minsk, Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification: Belarusian State Institute of Standardization and Certification. 1994. (In Russian).
3. TKP 45-2.04-43–2006 Stroitel’naya teplotekhnika. Stroitel’nye normy proektirovaniya [Thermal Engineering. Building design standards]. Minsk: Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification: Belarusian State Institute of Standardization and Certification, 2006, 35 p. (In Russian).
4. TKP 45-2.04-196–2010 Teplovaya zashchita zdanij. Teploehnergeticheskie harakteristiki. Pravila opredeleniya [Thermal protection of buildings. Thermal energy characteristics. The rules for determining]. Minsk: the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification: Belarusian State Institute of Standardization and Certification, 2010. (In Russian).
5. Energieeinsparverordnung (EnEV), Bundesministerium für Verkehr, Bau- und Wohnungswesen BRD vom 16. November, 2001.
6. Danilevskiy L.N. Principy proektirovaniya i inzhenernoe oborudovanie ehnergoehffektivnyh zhilyh zdaniy [Principles of design and engineering equipment energy efficiency of residential buildings]. Minsk: Biznesofset. 2011. 375 p. (In Russian).
7. Naumov A., Kapko D. Methods of determining the energy efficiency class of the exploited blocks of flats. Energosberezhenie. 2015. No. 8, pp. 24–29. (In Russian).
8. SP 50.13330.2012 Teplovaya zashchita zdaniy. Aktualizirovannaya redakciya SNiP 23-02–2003 [Thermal protection of buildings. The updated edition of SNiP 23-02–2003]. Ministry of Regional Development. 2012. 95 p. (In Russian).
9. Bogoslovskiy V.N. Aspects of the creation of buildings with energy efficient. AVOK. 2000. No. 5, pp. 34–39. (In Russian).
10. GOST 31168–2003. Zdaniya zhilye. Metod opredeleniya udel’nogo potrebleniya teplovoj ehnergii na otoplenie [Residential buildings. The method of determining the specific consumption of thermal energy for heating]. Moscow. Standartinform. 2014. 18 p. (In Russian).
11. EN 15603:2008 Energy performance of buildings – overall use and definition of energy ratings. – CEN. European Commitee vor Standardisation. 2008.
12. Patent for invention №18898 RB. Sposob opredeleniya obshchego koehfficienta teploperedache zdaniya [The method for determining the total heat transfer coefficient of the building]. Danilevskiy L.N. Declared 20.12.2010. № a20101504 MPK(2009) G 01 N 25/00.
13. Danilevskiy L.N. Methods of determining the characteristics of the thermal power operated buildings. Stroitel’naya nauka i tekhnika. 2010. No. 6, pp. 31–35. (In Russian).
14. Danilevskiy L.N., Terekhov S.V., Terekhova I.A., Korizna I.A. The method of determining the specific consumption of thermal energy for heating and ventilation of multi-family residential buildings and conditions of use. Arhitektura i stroitel’stvo. 2014. No. 1, pp. 52–58. (In Russian).
15. Application for issuance of a patent for invention of the Republic of Belarus, № a20150303 on June 3, 2015. Danilevskiy L.N., Danilevskiy S.L. Sposob opredeleniya udel’nogo koehfficienta teplovyh poter’ zdaniya [Method of determining the specific heat losses of the building factor]. (In Russian).

M.A. GRANSTREM, Candidate of Architecture, (arch_project@bk.ru) Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (4, 2nd Krasnoarmeiskaya Street, Saint-Petersburg, 190005, Russian Federation)

Palevsky Residential Community is an Element of Holistic Environment of Housing Development in Leningrad of 1920s
Since the second half of 1921 some elements of the New Economic Policy began to be introduced in Petrograd and Petrograd Governorate. The solution of housing problem was becoming a priority in Leningrad in 1920–1930s. Workers residential communities which were built as a “city-garden” are very interesting for modern studies. The Palevsky residential community (residential massif) has been built on the site of the workers outskirt where numerous industrial enterprises were located. It is shown that the formation of the Palevsky residential massif complex reflected new, for that time, urban development principles and new methods of space-planning structure of houses-cottages. The authors hope that this residential massif will not be demolished and will be preserved as an element of the specific environment of Leningrad architecture of 1920s.

Keywords: architecture, Leningrad, new economic policy, “city-garden”, constructivism, Palevsky residential complex, specific environment

References
1. Kurbatov Yu.I. Balans of values of new architecture of historic center of St. Petersburg (between acceptance of the population and a tendency of its denial). Architectura i stroitelstvo Moskvy. 2004. No. 2–3, pp. 24–30. (In Russian).
2. Ilyin L.A. New quarters as components of ensemble of Leningrad. Arkhitektura Leningrada. 1936. No. 2, pp. 39–43. (In Russian).
3. Questions of housing construction. Arkhitektura Leningrada. 1938. No. 1 (6), pp. 34–40. (In Russian).
4. Simonov G.A., Guryev O.I. The Residential quarter on Small Okhta. Residential quarters in again developed territories of Leningrad. Arkhitektura Leningrada. 1936. No. 2, pp. 33–34. (In Russian).
5. Kurbatov Yu.I. Petrograd. Leningrad. Sankt-Peterburg: Arkhitekturno-gradostroitel’nye uroki [Petrograd. Leningrad. St. Petersburg: Architectural and town-planning lessons]. Sankt-Peterburg: Iskusstvo – SPb, 2008. 280 p. (In Russian).
6. Simonov G.A. Planning of residential quarters. Arkhitektura Leningrada. 1938. No. 2, pp. 36–38. (In Russian).
7. Makhrovskaya A.V. Rekonstruktsiya starykh zhilykh raionov krupnykh gorodov: Na primere Leningrada [Reconstruction of old residential areas of the large cities: On the example of Leningrad]. Leningrad: Stroyizdat, 1986. 352 p. (In Russian).
8. Bylinkin N.P., Volodin P.A., Kornfeld Ya.A., Mikhaylova A.I., Savitsky Yu.Yu. Istoriya sovetskoi arkhitektury. 1917–1958 [Istoriya of the Soviet architecture. 1917–1958]. Moskva: Gosudarstvennoe izdatel’stvo literatury po stroitel’stvu, arkhitekture i stroitel’nym materialam 1962. 348 p. (In Russian).
9. Kruglikov Yu. Placement of child care facilities in inhabited cases. Arkhitektura Leningrada. 1937. No. 3, pp. 24–28. (In Russian).
10. Tverskoy L.M. The some remarks on planning of new quarters. Arkhitektura Leningrada. 1936. No. 2, pp. 36–39. (In Russian).
11. Kirikov B.M., Shtiglits M.S. Arkhitektura Leningradskogo Avangarda [Architecture of Leningrad’s Avant-garde]. Saint- Petersburg: KOLO. 2012. 312 p. (In Russian).
12. Granstrem M.A., Zolotareva M.V. Research in the Structure of Historical Housing Development of Saint-Petersburg. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Constructions]. 2014. № 11, рр. 11–13. (In Russian).
13. V.A. Kamenskii, V.I. Naumov. Leningrad. Gradostroitel’nye problemy razvitiya [Town-planning problems of the development]. Leningrad: Stroyizdat. 1973. 360 p. (In Russian).

M.V. ZOLOTAREVA, Candidate of Architecture (goldmile@yandexl.ru) Saint-Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (4, 2nd Krasnoarmeiskaya Street, 190005, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation)

Space-Planning Structure of Residential Areas of Pre-War Leningrad (on the Example of Ivanovskaya Street Development)

Urban development and space-planning features of the formation of architectural ensembles from 1935 till 1940 are considered. On the example of formation of the architectural environment of the Ivanovskaya Street, characteristics of main approaches to the organization of development of residential areas of former workers city suburbs are madeas well as the development of stylistic priorities of Soviet architecture from the beginning of 1930s up to the end of 1950s are analyzed.

Keywords: history of architecture, housing construction, architectural complexes, functional zoning, space-planning structure

References
1. Questions of housing construction. Arkhitektura Leningrada. 1938. No. 1 (6), pp. 34–40. (In Russian).
2. More attention to housing construction Architectura Leningrada. 1938. No. 1, pp. 27–29. (In Russian).
3. Residential neighborhoods into newly developed territories of Leningrad. Architectura Leningrada. 1936. No. 1, pp. 26–29. (In Russian)
4. Kirikov B.M., Shtigliz M.S. Architectura leningrada avangarda [The architecture of the Leningrad vanguard]. SPb.: Kolo. 2013. 312 p.
5. Kamensky V.A., Naumov A.I. Leningrad (urban development problems) [Leningrad (gradostroitelnie problemyi rasvitiya)]. L.: Stroyizdat. 1973. 360 p.
6. Baranov N.V. Glavnyi arkhitektor goroda: Tvorcheskaya i orgyanizatsionnaya deyatel’nost’ [Chief architect of the city: Creative and orgyanizatsionny activity]. Moscow: Stroyizdat, 1979. 170 p. (In Russian).
7. Bylinkin N.P., Volodin P.A., Kornfeld Ya.A., Mikhaylova A.I., Savitsky Yu.Yu. Istoriya sovetskoi arkhitektury. 1917–1958 [Istoriya of the Soviet architecture. 1917–1958]. Moskva: Gosudarstvennoe izdatel’stvo literatury po stroitel’stvu, arkhitekture i stroitel’nym materialam 1962. 348 p. (In Russian).
8. Vaytens A.G. Evolution of planning of residential neighborhoods in the late 1940s and early 1950s. Actual problems of architecture and construction: materials of V International conference. SPb.: SPb.GASU. 2013. Vol. I. pp. 16–20. (In Russian).
9. Kurbatov Yu.I. Balans of values of new architecture of historic center of St. Petersburg (between acceptance of the population and a tendency of its denial). Architectura i stroitelstvo Moscvi. 2004. No. 2–3, pp. 24–30. (In Russian).
10. Granstrem M.A., Zolotareva M.V. Research in the Structure of Historical Housing Development of Saint-Petersburg. Zhilishchnoe Stroitelstvo [Housing Constructions]. 2014. № 11, рр. 11–13. (In Russian).

V.S. BELIAEV, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), (ingil@ingil.ru), A.A. MAGAY, Director for research, Candidate of Architecture (magai_l@ingil.ru), T.A. BOL’SHAKOVA, Leading Designer AO “TSNIIEP zhilishcha – Institute for Complex Design of Residential and Public Buildings (AO “TSNIIEP zhilishcha”) (9, structure 3, Dmitrovskoe Hwy, 127434 Moscow, Russian Federation)

An Analysis of Main Scientific Thermo-physical Directions of AO “TSNIIEP zhilishcha – Institute for Complex Design of Residential and Public Buildings”

Examples of technical solutions, methods of calculations of elements of external enclosures with recuperation of transmission and ventilation heat and recommendations for the use results obtained for heat-efficient external enclosures which improve the thermal and air regimes of premises. A clear justification of modern approach to the evaluation of the impact of filtering outdoor air with negative temperature on the heat protection of buildings which is the quantitative division of air permeability into transverse, longitudinal, and total is made. The ventilation system with recuperation of heat flow (transmission and ventilation) is characterized; the theory and methods of calculations of heat transfer of external ventilated enclosing structures with multiple air movements are presented.

Keywords: filtration, heat losses, air movement, transmission heat, ventilation heat, heat transfer, air permeability.

References
1. Belyaev V.S. Metodiki raschetov teplotekhnicheskikh kharakteristik energoekonomichnykh zdanii. [Techniques of calculations of heattechnical characteristics of energyefficient buildings]. Moscow: ASV, 2014. 125 p. (In Russian).
2. Patent RF 134652. Ustroistvo dlya opredeleniya vozdukhopronitsaemosti stykovogo soedineniya [The device for determination of air permeability of butt connection]. Nikolaev S.V., Belyaev V. S. Declared 6.19.2013. Published 11.20.2013. Bulletin No. 32. (In Russian).
3. Belyaev V.S. External protections with recovery of transmission and ventilating heat. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2013. No. 12, pp. 39–44. (In Russian).
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5. Belyaev V.S. The theory of fading of temperature fluctuations at their passing via external wall panels. Belyaev V. S. The theory of fading of temperature fluctuations at their passing via external wall panels. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2013. No. 9, pp. 34–36. (In Russian).
6. Belyaev V.S. A heat transfer in joints of external walls of large-panel buildings at a two-dimensional filtration of air. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2013. No. 7, pp. 16–20. (In Russian).
7. Belyaev V.S. Engineering Method of Calculation of Joints for Panel Buildings External Enclosing Structures with Due Regard for Air Filtration. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2014. No. 12, рр. 41–45. (In Russian).