Zhilishchnoe Stroitel'stvo №8
August, 2015
Table of contents
УДК 624.05
S.A. SYCHEV, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), (sasychev@ya.ru), Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (4 2-nd Krasnoarmeiskaya Street, 190005 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation) Quality Assessment of Technique of High-Speed Construction of Buildings from Block-Modules with Due Regard For Safety Criteria Criteria of the assessment of assembling of structures from volume-spatial modules of various types and modifications fabricated by industrial method including a “sandwich” type or from combined structures that is dictated by the variability of construction projects are proposed and substantiated. The formation of an installation method is the search for rational solutions by means of continuous analysis of components of the organization-technological structure. These components are described quantitatively and the process of their selection is formalized in accordance with adopted safety criteria. To evaluate the quality of installation and construction works of various techniques of attics construction, the coefficient of compliance with norms (design) Kc equal to the ratio of the number of observations that meet the standards, to the total number of observations is determined. For quantitative parameters of the quality the level of zerodefects p – the proportion of the distribution of a random variable of parameter X in the tolerance interval [a, b], as well as an accuracy figure (performance index) of the process according to refined formulae are calculated. On the basis of thus established limiting values of the strength reduction, relative reliability indices for concrete structures can be defined. Keywords: transformable structures, block-modules, rapid construction, factory made blocks, modular buildings. References
1. Golovnev S.G, Bajburin A.H., Dmitrin S.P. Indicators of quality of technology of the accelerated construction of buildings // Izvestija vuzov. Stroitel'stvo. 2002. No. 7, pp. 52–55 (In Russia).
2. Sychev S.A. Technologies of installation of buildings from the volume unified elements. Sbornik materialov IV mezhdunarodnoi nauchnoi konferentsii: «Nauchnye perspektivy XXI veka. Dostizheniya i perspektivy novogo stoletiya» [Collection of materials IV of the international scientific conference: «Scientific prospects of the XXI century. Achievements and prospects of new century»]. Novosibirsk, 19–20 September 2014, рp. 89–90. (In Russia).
3. Sychev S.A., Pavlova N.A. Methods of acceleration of speed of construction. Sbornik materialov VI mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii: «Sovremennye kontseptsii nauchnykh issledovanii» [Collection of materials VI of the international scientific and practical conference: «Modern concepts of scientific researches»]. Moscow, 26–27 September 2014, рp. 125–127. (In Russia).
4. Verstov V.V., Bad'in G.M. Features of design and construction of buildings and constructions in St. Petersburg. Vestnik grazhdanskikh inzhenerov. 2010. No. 1 (22), pp. 96–105. (In Russia).
5. Sychev S.A. The accelerated installation of penthouses from unified a sandwich panels. Zhilishchnoe stroitel'stvo [Housing construction]. 2008. No. 6, pp. 6–9. (In Russia).
6. Anderson, M., Anderson, P. Prefab prototypes: Site-specific design for offsite construction. Princeton Architectural Press, 2007. 123 р.
7. Knaack U., Chung-Klatte Sh., Hasselbach, R. Prefabricated systems: Principles of construction. De Gruyter, 2012. 67 р.
S.A. SYCHEV, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), (sasychev@ya.ru), Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (4 2-nd Krasnoarmeiskaya Street, 190005 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation) Quality Assessment of Technique of High-Speed Construction of Buildings from Block-Modules with Due Regard For Safety Criteria Criteria of the assessment of assembling of structures from volume-spatial modules of various types and modifications fabricated by industrial method including a “sandwich” type or from combined structures that is dictated by the variability of construction projects are proposed and substantiated. The formation of an installation method is the search for rational solutions by means of continuous analysis of components of the organization-technological structure. These components are described quantitatively and the process of their selection is formalized in accordance with adopted safety criteria. To evaluate the quality of installation and construction works of various techniques of attics construction, the coefficient of compliance with norms (design) Kc equal to the ratio of the number of observations that meet the standards, to the total number of observations is determined. For quantitative parameters of the quality the level of zerodefects p – the proportion of the distribution of a random variable of parameter X in the tolerance interval [a, b], as well as an accuracy figure (performance index) of the process according to refined formulae are calculated. On the basis of thus established limiting values of the strength reduction, relative reliability indices for concrete structures can be defined. Keywords: transformable structures, block-modules, rapid construction, factory made blocks, modular buildings. References
1. Golovnev S.G, Bajburin A.H., Dmitrin S.P. Indicators of quality of technology of the accelerated construction of buildings // Izvestija vuzov. Stroitel'stvo. 2002. No. 7, pp. 52–55 (In Russia).
2. Sychev S.A. Technologies of installation of buildings from the volume unified elements. Sbornik materialov IV mezhdunarodnoi nauchnoi konferentsii: «Nauchnye perspektivy XXI veka. Dostizheniya i perspektivy novogo stoletiya» [Collection of materials IV of the international scientific conference: «Scientific prospects of the XXI century. Achievements and prospects of new century»]. Novosibirsk, 19–20 September 2014, рp. 89–90. (In Russia).
3. Sychev S.A., Pavlova N.A. Methods of acceleration of speed of construction. Sbornik materialov VI mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii: «Sovremennye kontseptsii nauchnykh issledovanii» [Collection of materials VI of the international scientific and practical conference: «Modern concepts of scientific researches»]. Moscow, 26–27 September 2014, рp. 125–127. (In Russia).
4. Verstov V.V., Bad'in G.M. Features of design and construction of buildings and constructions in St. Petersburg. Vestnik grazhdanskikh inzhenerov. 2010. No. 1 (22), pp. 96–105. (In Russia).
5. Sychev S.A. The accelerated installation of penthouses from unified a sandwich panels. Zhilishchnoe stroitel'stvo [Housing construction]. 2008. No. 6, pp. 6–9. (In Russia).
6. Anderson, M., Anderson, P. Prefab prototypes: Site-specific design for offsite construction. Princeton Architectural Press, 2007. 123 р.
7. Knaack U., Chung-Klatte Sh., Hasselbach, R. Prefabricated systems: Principles of construction. De Gruyter, 2012. 67 р.
УДК 697.1
O.D. SAMARIN1, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (samarin1@mtu-net.ru); P.V. VINSKY2, Engineer
1 Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (26, Yaroslavskoe Shosse, 129337, Moscow, Russian Federation)
2 Department of Design of Public Buildings and Facilities «Mosproekt-2» named after M.V. Posokhin (5, structure 1, 2-ya Brestskaya Street, 129337, Moscow, Russian Federation) Impact of Change in Thermal Protection of Window Blocks on Energy Saving Class of Buildings Taking into account the influence of the experimental dependence of resistance to heat transfer of up-to-date window blocks on the ratio of the factual difference of temperatures of external and indoor air to the standard one on the assessment of the annual energy consumption of buildings and determination of their energy saving class in accordance with the methodology of SP 50.13330.2012 is considered. Results of the calculation of factual and standardized specific heat protection characteristics and other geometric and energy indicators for a secondary school building of one of typical project designed for mass construction with the use of the methodology SP 50 at different values of resistance to heat transfer of translucent external enclosures are presented. The analysis of results obtained is made; recommendations on clarifying the calculation of thermo-technical characteristics of public buildings with due regard for the variability of heat protection properties of fillers of light openings are proposed. Keywords: specific heat protection characteristic, experimental dependence, resistance to heat transfer, window block, class of energy saving, energy efficiency. References
1. Gagarin V.G., Kozlov V.V. About rationing thermal protection requirements and energy consumption for heating and ventilation in the project version of the updated SNIP «Thermal Protection of Buildings». Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel’nogo universiteta. Seriya: Stroitel’stvo I arkhitektura. 2013. No. 31-2 (50), pp. 468–474. (In Russian).
2. Gagarin V.G., Kozlov V.V. The requirements to the thermal performance and energy efficiency in the project of the actualizationed SNiP «Thermal performance of the buildings». Zhilishchnoe Stroitel'stvo [Housing Construction]. 2011. No. 8, pp. 2–6. (In Russian).
3. Gagarin V.G., Kozlov V.V. On the requirements to the thermal performance and energy efficiency in the project of the actualizationed SNiP «Thermal performance of the buildings. Vestnik MGSU. 2011. No. 7, pp. 59–66. (In Russian).
4. Curtland Christopher. High-Performance Glazings: Windows of Opportunity. Buildings. 2013. No. 10, pp. 23.
5. Samarin O.D., Vinskiy P.V. Influence of glazing parameters on energy consumption and overall economics of a bulding. Montazhnyie I spetsial’nyie rabotyi v stroitel’stve. 2012. No. 8, pp. 10–13. (In Russian).
6. Allan Hani, Teet-Andrus Koiv. Energy Consumption Monitoring Analysis for Residential, Educational and Public Buildings. Smart Grid and Renewable Energy. Vol. 3. 2012. No. 3, pp. 231–238.
7. Liu G., Liu H. Using Insulation in China’s Buildings: Potential for Significant Energy Savings and Carbon Emission Reductions. Low Carbon Economy. Vol. 2. 2011. No. 4, pp. 220–223.
8. Motuziene V., Juodis E.S. Selection of the efficient glazing for low energy office building. Papers of the 8th International Conference “Environmental Engineering”.Vilnius. 2011. P. 788–793.
9. Dongye Sun, Wen-Pei Sung and Ran Chen. Benefit Analysis of the Energy Saving Reconstruction of the Office Building in Chagan Hada. Applied Mechanics and Materials (Volumes 71–78). 2011, рр. 4976–4980.
10. Kim L.M., Magay A.A., Chernenko E.N. Increase of teplofizichesky qualities of translucent designs. Okna. Dveri. Fasadyi. 2011. No. 2 (41), pp. 70–75. (In Russian).
11. Pchelintseva L.V., Tikhomirnov S.I. Problems of energy saving in Russia. Present-day requirements to the systems of window and façade glazing. Academia. Architectura i Stroitel’stvo. 2010. No. 3, pp. 445–449. (In Russian).
12. Kneifel J. Life-cycle Carbon and Cost Analysis of Energy Efficiency Measures in New Commercial Buildings. Energy and Buildings. Vol. 42. 2010. No. 3, pp. 333–340.
13. Datsyuk T.A., Yaroshenko S.D. Improving the energy efficiency of the old residential buildings. Stroitel’naya teplofizika i energoeffektivnoe proektirovanie ograzhdayushikh konstruktsiy zdaniy: Sbormik trudov II Vserossiyskoy nauchno-tekhnicheskoy konferentsii [Thermal Physics and energy-efficient design of building envelopes: Proceedings of the II All-Russian scientific and technical conference]. 10– 11.12.2009. St. Petersburg. 2009, рр. 53–55. (In Russian).
14. Kaklauskas Arturas, Zavadskas Edmundas Kazimieras, Raslanas Saulius, Ginevicius Romualdas, Komka Arunas, Malinauskas Pranas. Selection of low-e windows in retrofit of public buildings by applying multiple criteria method COPRAS. A Lithuanian case (2006) «Energy and Buildings». No. 38, pp. 454–462.
15. Nemova D., Murgul V., Pukhkal V., Golik A., Chizhov E., Vatin N. Reconstruction of administrative buildings of the 70's: The possibility of energy modernization (2014). Journal of applied engineering science. 2014. Vol. 12. No. 1, pp. 37–44.
16. Na Na Kanga, Sung Heui Choa, Jeong Tai Kimb. The energy-saving effects of apartment residents’ awareness and behavior. Energy and Buildings. Vol. 46. 2012, рр. 112–122.
17. Mojie Sun, Yingjie Zhang. External Windows Selection in Hot-Summer and Cold-Winter Areas. Applied Mechanics and Materials (Vols. 448–453). 2013, рр. 1301–1307.
18. Yafang Han, Ying Wu, Xinqing Zhao. Selection of Building External Windows in Different Climatic Zones Based on LCA. Materials Science Forum (Volume 787). 2014, рр. 184–194.
19. Petrosova Daria Vladimirovna, Petrosov Dmitri Vadimovich. The Energy Efficiency of Residential Buildings with Light Walling. Advanced Materials Research (Vols. 941–944). 2014, рр. 814–820.
20. Jedinák Richard. Energy Efficiency of Building Envelopes. Advanced Materials Research (Vol. 855). 2013, рр. 39–42.
21. Hou Hua Wang, Tao Zhang, Qiu Lian Xiao. Experimental Study of Energy Saving Effect of Building Envelope in Winter. Applied Mechanics and Materials (Vols. 121–126). 2011, рр. 2741–2747.
22. Friess W.A., Rakhshan K., Hendawi T.A., Tajerzadeh S. Wall insulation measures for residential villas in Dubai:A case study in energy efficiency. Energy and Buildings. 2012. Vol.44, рр. 26–32.
23. Domínguez Samuel, Sendra Juan J., León Angel L. and Esquivias Paula M. Towards Energy Demand Reduction in Social Housing Buildings: Envelope System Optimization Strategies. Energies. 2012. No. 5, рр. 2263–2287.
24. Kurenkova A. Yu., Mikov V.L. On the influence of heat engineering terminology in indicators windows. Materialyi Vtoroy Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-tekhnicheskoy konferentsii «Teoreticheskie osnovyi teplogazosnabezheniya I ventilyatsii» [Proceedings of the Second International Scientific Conference «Theoretical Foundations of heat and ventilation»]. М.: MGSU. 2007, рр. 58–62. (In Russian).
25. Mikov V.L. V tsentre vnimaniya svod pravil SP 50.13330.2012. Obsuzhdenie ekspertov [The focus of the rulebook SP 50.13330.2012 Discussion experts]. [electronic resource] http://odf.ru/v-centre-vnimaniya-svod-pravil-article_564.html (date of treatment: 25.01.2015). (In Russian).
26. Mikov V.L. Sledstvie integratsii Rossii v VTO – neizbezhnaya garmonizatsiya norm I pravil [A consequence of the integration of Russia into the WTO – the inevitable harmonization of rules and regulations]. [electronic resource] http://odf.ru/sledstvie-integracii-rossii-v--article_548.html (date of treatment: 25.01.2015). (In Russian).
27. Krivoshein A.D. On the question of design of thermal protection of translucent and opaque constructions. [electronic resource] http://odf.ru/k-voprosu-o-proektirovanii-tep-article_579.html (date of treatment: 25.01.2015). (In Russian).
28. Verkhovsky A.A., Nanasov I.I., Yelizarova E.V., Galtsev D.I., Shcheredin V.V. A new approach to the estimation of energy efficiency of transparent constructions. Svetoprozrachnye konstruktsii. 2012. No. 1 (81), pp. 10–15. (In Russian).
29. Prokofyev A.A., Ivanov A.M., Properties of glass stacks with heat saving coating. Okna i dveri. 2005. No. 7 (100), pp. 31–33. (In Russian).
30. Krivoshein A.D., Pakhotin G.A. The results of testing of thermal regime of glass stacks with distance frame «Swiggle strip», «IPS», «Thermix». Okna i dveri. 2005. No. 7, pp. 40–43. (In Russian).
31. Samarin O.D., Sirotkin D.A. The possibility of decreasing thermal performance of non- transparent external enclosures in public buildings. Zhilishnoe stroitel’stvo [House building]. 2014. No. 8, pp. 16–18. (In Russian).
32. Samarin O.D., Vinskiy P.V. Experimental estimation thermal protective properties of of window units. Zhilishnoe stroitel’stvo [House building]. 2014. No. 11, pp. 41–43. (In Russian).
33. Samarin O.D. Teplofizika. Thermal physics. Energy saving. Energy efficiency. Moscow: ASV. 2011. 296 p. (In Russian).
34. Samarin O.D., Lushin K.I. On energetic balance of residential buildings. Novosti teplosnabzheniya. 2007. No. 8, pp. 44–46. (In Russian).
35. Samarin O.D., Fedorchenko Yu.D. Influence of Adjustinside of Microclimate Systems onto the Quality of Maintenance of Meteorological Parameters inside Premises. Vestnik MGSU. 2011. No. 7, pp. 124–28. (In Russian).
O.D. SAMARIN1, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (samarin1@mtu-net.ru); P.V. VINSKY2, Engineer
1 Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (26, Yaroslavskoe Shosse, 129337, Moscow, Russian Federation)
2 Department of Design of Public Buildings and Facilities «Mosproekt-2» named after M.V. Posokhin (5, structure 1, 2-ya Brestskaya Street, 129337, Moscow, Russian Federation) Impact of Change in Thermal Protection of Window Blocks on Energy Saving Class of Buildings Taking into account the influence of the experimental dependence of resistance to heat transfer of up-to-date window blocks on the ratio of the factual difference of temperatures of external and indoor air to the standard one on the assessment of the annual energy consumption of buildings and determination of their energy saving class in accordance with the methodology of SP 50.13330.2012 is considered. Results of the calculation of factual and standardized specific heat protection characteristics and other geometric and energy indicators for a secondary school building of one of typical project designed for mass construction with the use of the methodology SP 50 at different values of resistance to heat transfer of translucent external enclosures are presented. The analysis of results obtained is made; recommendations on clarifying the calculation of thermo-technical characteristics of public buildings with due regard for the variability of heat protection properties of fillers of light openings are proposed. Keywords: specific heat protection characteristic, experimental dependence, resistance to heat transfer, window block, class of energy saving, energy efficiency. References
1. Gagarin V.G., Kozlov V.V. About rationing thermal protection requirements and energy consumption for heating and ventilation in the project version of the updated SNIP «Thermal Protection of Buildings». Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel’nogo universiteta. Seriya: Stroitel’stvo I arkhitektura. 2013. No. 31-2 (50), pp. 468–474. (In Russian).
2. Gagarin V.G., Kozlov V.V. The requirements to the thermal performance and energy efficiency in the project of the actualizationed SNiP «Thermal performance of the buildings». Zhilishchnoe Stroitel'stvo [Housing Construction]. 2011. No. 8, pp. 2–6. (In Russian).
3. Gagarin V.G., Kozlov V.V. On the requirements to the thermal performance and energy efficiency in the project of the actualizationed SNiP «Thermal performance of the buildings. Vestnik MGSU. 2011. No. 7, pp. 59–66. (In Russian).
4. Curtland Christopher. High-Performance Glazings: Windows of Opportunity. Buildings. 2013. No. 10, pp. 23.
5. Samarin O.D., Vinskiy P.V. Influence of glazing parameters on energy consumption and overall economics of a bulding. Montazhnyie I spetsial’nyie rabotyi v stroitel’stve. 2012. No. 8, pp. 10–13. (In Russian).
6. Allan Hani, Teet-Andrus Koiv. Energy Consumption Monitoring Analysis for Residential, Educational and Public Buildings. Smart Grid and Renewable Energy. Vol. 3. 2012. No. 3, pp. 231–238.
7. Liu G., Liu H. Using Insulation in China’s Buildings: Potential for Significant Energy Savings and Carbon Emission Reductions. Low Carbon Economy. Vol. 2. 2011. No. 4, pp. 220–223.
8. Motuziene V., Juodis E.S. Selection of the efficient glazing for low energy office building. Papers of the 8th International Conference “Environmental Engineering”.Vilnius. 2011. P. 788–793.
9. Dongye Sun, Wen-Pei Sung and Ran Chen. Benefit Analysis of the Energy Saving Reconstruction of the Office Building in Chagan Hada. Applied Mechanics and Materials (Volumes 71–78). 2011, рр. 4976–4980.
10. Kim L.M., Magay A.A., Chernenko E.N. Increase of teplofizichesky qualities of translucent designs. Okna. Dveri. Fasadyi. 2011. No. 2 (41), pp. 70–75. (In Russian).
11. Pchelintseva L.V., Tikhomirnov S.I. Problems of energy saving in Russia. Present-day requirements to the systems of window and façade glazing. Academia. Architectura i Stroitel’stvo. 2010. No. 3, pp. 445–449. (In Russian).
12. Kneifel J. Life-cycle Carbon and Cost Analysis of Energy Efficiency Measures in New Commercial Buildings. Energy and Buildings. Vol. 42. 2010. No. 3, pp. 333–340.
13. Datsyuk T.A., Yaroshenko S.D. Improving the energy efficiency of the old residential buildings. Stroitel’naya teplofizika i energoeffektivnoe proektirovanie ograzhdayushikh konstruktsiy zdaniy: Sbormik trudov II Vserossiyskoy nauchno-tekhnicheskoy konferentsii [Thermal Physics and energy-efficient design of building envelopes: Proceedings of the II All-Russian scientific and technical conference]. 10– 11.12.2009. St. Petersburg. 2009, рр. 53–55. (In Russian).
14. Kaklauskas Arturas, Zavadskas Edmundas Kazimieras, Raslanas Saulius, Ginevicius Romualdas, Komka Arunas, Malinauskas Pranas. Selection of low-e windows in retrofit of public buildings by applying multiple criteria method COPRAS. A Lithuanian case (2006) «Energy and Buildings». No. 38, pp. 454–462.
15. Nemova D., Murgul V., Pukhkal V., Golik A., Chizhov E., Vatin N. Reconstruction of administrative buildings of the 70's: The possibility of energy modernization (2014). Journal of applied engineering science. 2014. Vol. 12. No. 1, pp. 37–44.
16. Na Na Kanga, Sung Heui Choa, Jeong Tai Kimb. The energy-saving effects of apartment residents’ awareness and behavior. Energy and Buildings. Vol. 46. 2012, рр. 112–122.
17. Mojie Sun, Yingjie Zhang. External Windows Selection in Hot-Summer and Cold-Winter Areas. Applied Mechanics and Materials (Vols. 448–453). 2013, рр. 1301–1307.
18. Yafang Han, Ying Wu, Xinqing Zhao. Selection of Building External Windows in Different Climatic Zones Based on LCA. Materials Science Forum (Volume 787). 2014, рр. 184–194.
19. Petrosova Daria Vladimirovna, Petrosov Dmitri Vadimovich. The Energy Efficiency of Residential Buildings with Light Walling. Advanced Materials Research (Vols. 941–944). 2014, рр. 814–820.
20. Jedinák Richard. Energy Efficiency of Building Envelopes. Advanced Materials Research (Vol. 855). 2013, рр. 39–42.
21. Hou Hua Wang, Tao Zhang, Qiu Lian Xiao. Experimental Study of Energy Saving Effect of Building Envelope in Winter. Applied Mechanics and Materials (Vols. 121–126). 2011, рр. 2741–2747.
22. Friess W.A., Rakhshan K., Hendawi T.A., Tajerzadeh S. Wall insulation measures for residential villas in Dubai:A case study in energy efficiency. Energy and Buildings. 2012. Vol.44, рр. 26–32.
23. Domínguez Samuel, Sendra Juan J., León Angel L. and Esquivias Paula M. Towards Energy Demand Reduction in Social Housing Buildings: Envelope System Optimization Strategies. Energies. 2012. No. 5, рр. 2263–2287.
24. Kurenkova A. Yu., Mikov V.L. On the influence of heat engineering terminology in indicators windows. Materialyi Vtoroy Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-tekhnicheskoy konferentsii «Teoreticheskie osnovyi teplogazosnabezheniya I ventilyatsii» [Proceedings of the Second International Scientific Conference «Theoretical Foundations of heat and ventilation»]. М.: MGSU. 2007, рр. 58–62. (In Russian).
25. Mikov V.L. V tsentre vnimaniya svod pravil SP 50.13330.2012. Obsuzhdenie ekspertov [The focus of the rulebook SP 50.13330.2012 Discussion experts]. [electronic resource] http://odf.ru/v-centre-vnimaniya-svod-pravil-article_564.html (date of treatment: 25.01.2015). (In Russian).
26. Mikov V.L. Sledstvie integratsii Rossii v VTO – neizbezhnaya garmonizatsiya norm I pravil [A consequence of the integration of Russia into the WTO – the inevitable harmonization of rules and regulations]. [electronic resource] http://odf.ru/sledstvie-integracii-rossii-v--article_548.html (date of treatment: 25.01.2015). (In Russian).
27. Krivoshein A.D. On the question of design of thermal protection of translucent and opaque constructions. [electronic resource] http://odf.ru/k-voprosu-o-proektirovanii-tep-article_579.html (date of treatment: 25.01.2015). (In Russian).
28. Verkhovsky A.A., Nanasov I.I., Yelizarova E.V., Galtsev D.I., Shcheredin V.V. A new approach to the estimation of energy efficiency of transparent constructions. Svetoprozrachnye konstruktsii. 2012. No. 1 (81), pp. 10–15. (In Russian).
29. Prokofyev A.A., Ivanov A.M., Properties of glass stacks with heat saving coating. Okna i dveri. 2005. No. 7 (100), pp. 31–33. (In Russian).
30. Krivoshein A.D., Pakhotin G.A. The results of testing of thermal regime of glass stacks with distance frame «Swiggle strip», «IPS», «Thermix». Okna i dveri. 2005. No. 7, pp. 40–43. (In Russian).
31. Samarin O.D., Sirotkin D.A. The possibility of decreasing thermal performance of non- transparent external enclosures in public buildings. Zhilishnoe stroitel’stvo [House building]. 2014. No. 8, pp. 16–18. (In Russian).
32. Samarin O.D., Vinskiy P.V. Experimental estimation thermal protective properties of of window units. Zhilishnoe stroitel’stvo [House building]. 2014. No. 11, pp. 41–43. (In Russian).
33. Samarin O.D. Teplofizika. Thermal physics. Energy saving. Energy efficiency. Moscow: ASV. 2011. 296 p. (In Russian).
34. Samarin O.D., Lushin K.I. On energetic balance of residential buildings. Novosti teplosnabzheniya. 2007. No. 8, pp. 44–46. (In Russian).
35. Samarin O.D., Fedorchenko Yu.D. Influence of Adjustinside of Microclimate Systems onto the Quality of Maintenance of Meteorological Parameters inside Premises. Vestnik MGSU. 2011. No. 7, pp. 124–28. (In Russian).
УДК 519.6:692.22:697.12:697.536
N.D. DANILOV, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (rss_dan@mail.ru), P.A. FEDOTOV, Engineer North-Eastern Federal University named after M.K. Ammosov (58 Belinsky Street, 677000, Yakutsk, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Russian Federation) Analysis of Influence of Corner Joints on Heat Losses of External Walls The calculation in the corner zone of homogenous external walls of different thickness with the use of the program of two-dimensional temperature field calculations at the permanent value of resistance to heat transfer has been done. Corner joints used in construction of structures were also considered. Temperature values on the internal surface of the wall corner, distances from the corner up to the beginning of the temperature field formation have been established. It is confirmed that the temperature in the corner does not practically depend on changes in the wall thickness. The distance from the corner up to the advent of the onedimensional temperature field which increases with the increase in the thickness of enclosure and equals to 2.4 calibre has been clarified. Heat losses through the wall with due regard for the influence of the external corner have been defined. It is established that additional heat losses in the corner premises increase with the increase in the thickness of walls and decrease in the room space. Keywords: walls, external corner, temperature, resistance to heat transfer, heat losses. References
1. Gagarin V.G., Neklyudov A.Yu. The account heattechnical a neobottom-rodnostey of protections when determining thermal load of system of heating of the building. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel'stvo [Housing Construction]. 2014. No. 6, pp. 3–7. (In Russian).
2. Livchak V.I. Calculation of heatconsumption of the operated residential buildings – an energy saving basis. New management of AVOK // AVOK. 2005. No. 7, рр. 4–8. (In Russian).
3. Theological V.N. Stroitel'naya teplofizika (teplofizicheskie osnovy otopleniya, ventilyatsii i konditsionirovaniya vozdukha) [Construction thermophysics (teplofiziche-sky bases of heating, ventilation and air conditioning)]. Moscow: Vysshaya shkola, 1982. 415 p.
4. Fokin K.F. Stroitel'naya teplotekhnika ograzhdayushchikh chastei zdanii [Stroitelnaya of the heating engineer of the protecting parts of buildings]. Moscow: AVOK-PRESS. 2006. 149 p.
5. Samarin O.D. To a question of determination of temperature in an external corner of the building. Construction physics in the XXI century: Materials of scientific and technical conference. Moscow: NIISF RAASN, 2006. P. 104–107. (In Russian).
6. Danilov N.D., Shadrin V.Yu., Pavlov N.N. Forecasting of temperature condition of angular connections of the external protecting designs. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel'stvo. 2010. No. 4, pp. 20–21. (In Russian).
7. Danilov N.D., Fedotov P.A. The heateffective solution of angular connection of socle overlapping and a wall of monolithic buildings with cold undergrounds. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel'stvo [Housing Construction]. 2012. No. 2, pp. 1–2. (In Russian).
8. Samarin O.S. Otsenka of the minimum value of temperature in an external corner of the building at its rounding off. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel'stvo. 2014. No. 8, рр. 34–36. (In Russian).
9. Stepanov V.S., Pospelova I.Yu. Research of processes of heat exchange in a zone of an external joint of the protecting designs. Izvestiya vuzov. Stroitel'stvo. 2003. No. 2, рр. 82–86. (In Russian).
10. Gagarin V.G., Kozlov V.V. Theoretical prerequisites of calculation of the specified resistance to a heat transfer of the protecting designs. Stroitel'nye Materialy [Construction materiаls]. 2010. No. 12, pp. 4–12. (In Russian).
N.D. DANILOV, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (rss_dan@mail.ru), P.A. FEDOTOV, Engineer North-Eastern Federal University named after M.K. Ammosov (58 Belinsky Street, 677000, Yakutsk, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Russian Federation) Analysis of Influence of Corner Joints on Heat Losses of External Walls The calculation in the corner zone of homogenous external walls of different thickness with the use of the program of two-dimensional temperature field calculations at the permanent value of resistance to heat transfer has been done. Corner joints used in construction of structures were also considered. Temperature values on the internal surface of the wall corner, distances from the corner up to the beginning of the temperature field formation have been established. It is confirmed that the temperature in the corner does not practically depend on changes in the wall thickness. The distance from the corner up to the advent of the onedimensional temperature field which increases with the increase in the thickness of enclosure and equals to 2.4 calibre has been clarified. Heat losses through the wall with due regard for the influence of the external corner have been defined. It is established that additional heat losses in the corner premises increase with the increase in the thickness of walls and decrease in the room space. Keywords: walls, external corner, temperature, resistance to heat transfer, heat losses. References
1. Gagarin V.G., Neklyudov A.Yu. The account heattechnical a neobottom-rodnostey of protections when determining thermal load of system of heating of the building. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel'stvo [Housing Construction]. 2014. No. 6, pp. 3–7. (In Russian).
2. Livchak V.I. Calculation of heatconsumption of the operated residential buildings – an energy saving basis. New management of AVOK // AVOK. 2005. No. 7, рр. 4–8. (In Russian).
3. Theological V.N. Stroitel'naya teplofizika (teplofizicheskie osnovy otopleniya, ventilyatsii i konditsionirovaniya vozdukha) [Construction thermophysics (teplofiziche-sky bases of heating, ventilation and air conditioning)]. Moscow: Vysshaya shkola, 1982. 415 p.
4. Fokin K.F. Stroitel'naya teplotekhnika ograzhdayushchikh chastei zdanii [Stroitelnaya of the heating engineer of the protecting parts of buildings]. Moscow: AVOK-PRESS. 2006. 149 p.
5. Samarin O.D. To a question of determination of temperature in an external corner of the building. Construction physics in the XXI century: Materials of scientific and technical conference. Moscow: NIISF RAASN, 2006. P. 104–107. (In Russian).
6. Danilov N.D., Shadrin V.Yu., Pavlov N.N. Forecasting of temperature condition of angular connections of the external protecting designs. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel'stvo. 2010. No. 4, pp. 20–21. (In Russian).
7. Danilov N.D., Fedotov P.A. The heateffective solution of angular connection of socle overlapping and a wall of monolithic buildings with cold undergrounds. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel'stvo [Housing Construction]. 2012. No. 2, pp. 1–2. (In Russian).
8. Samarin O.S. Otsenka of the minimum value of temperature in an external corner of the building at its rounding off. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel'stvo. 2014. No. 8, рр. 34–36. (In Russian).
9. Stepanov V.S., Pospelova I.Yu. Research of processes of heat exchange in a zone of an external joint of the protecting designs. Izvestiya vuzov. Stroitel'stvo. 2003. No. 2, рр. 82–86. (In Russian).
10. Gagarin V.G., Kozlov V.V. Theoretical prerequisites of calculation of the specified resistance to a heat transfer of the protecting designs. Stroitel'nye Materialy [Construction materiаls]. 2010. No. 12, pp. 4–12. (In Russian).
УДК 692.23:699.86
A.V. ZHEREBTSOV, Head of Technical Department OOO «PENOPLEX SPb» (31 Mayakovskogo Street, Saint-Petersburg, 191014, Russian Federation) Assessment of of Specific Heat Losses Factor of Groups of Joints of External Enclosing Structures with a Heat Insulation Layer of PENOPLEX® The calculations of specific heat losses of groups of joints of external enclosing structures have been made on the example of a plaster system with a heat insulation layer of PENOPLEX plates. A specific heat flow conditioned by a heat conductive element, a fire-prevention splitting made of mineral wool, has been determined. A share of the general heat flow passing through the façade system with due regard for all the heat conductive inclusions has been revealed. Dependences of specific heat losses of the façade system with the heat insulating layer of PENOPLEX® plates, presented in this calculation, confirm the comparatively insignificant influence of fireprevention splitting made of mineral wool on the general indices of heat engineering uniformity. Calculations on the basis of SP 230.1325800.2015 “Enclosing structures. Characteristics of heat engineering heterogeneity” make it possible at the design stage with sufficient accuracy to identify elements of structures weak from the heat engineering point of view and take this into account when optimizing joints. Keywords: heat insulation materials, energy efficiency, coefficient of heat engineering uniformity, heat conductive inclusions, facades, plaster façade, extruded polystyrene PENOPLEX® , fire-prevention splitting. References
1. Gagarin V.G., Pastushkov P.P. Quantitative Assessment of Energy Efficiency of Energy Saving Measures. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2013. No. 6, pp. 7–9. (In Russian).
2. Gagarin V.G., Kozlov V.V. On the requirements for thermal protection and energy efficiency in the draft version of the updated snip «Thermal protection of buildings». Vestnik MGSU. 2011. No. 7, pp. 59–66. (In Russian).
3. Gagarin V.G., Kozlov V.V. On Integrated Thermal protection of the building envelope. AVOK. 2010. No. 4, pp. 52–65. (In Russian).
A.V. ZHEREBTSOV, Head of Technical Department OOO «PENOPLEX SPb» (31 Mayakovskogo Street, Saint-Petersburg, 191014, Russian Federation) Assessment of of Specific Heat Losses Factor of Groups of Joints of External Enclosing Structures with a Heat Insulation Layer of PENOPLEX® The calculations of specific heat losses of groups of joints of external enclosing structures have been made on the example of a plaster system with a heat insulation layer of PENOPLEX plates. A specific heat flow conditioned by a heat conductive element, a fire-prevention splitting made of mineral wool, has been determined. A share of the general heat flow passing through the façade system with due regard for all the heat conductive inclusions has been revealed. Dependences of specific heat losses of the façade system with the heat insulating layer of PENOPLEX® plates, presented in this calculation, confirm the comparatively insignificant influence of fireprevention splitting made of mineral wool on the general indices of heat engineering uniformity. Calculations on the basis of SP 230.1325800.2015 “Enclosing structures. Characteristics of heat engineering heterogeneity” make it possible at the design stage with sufficient accuracy to identify elements of structures weak from the heat engineering point of view and take this into account when optimizing joints. Keywords: heat insulation materials, energy efficiency, coefficient of heat engineering uniformity, heat conductive inclusions, facades, plaster façade, extruded polystyrene PENOPLEX® , fire-prevention splitting. References
1. Gagarin V.G., Pastushkov P.P. Quantitative Assessment of Energy Efficiency of Energy Saving Measures. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2013. No. 6, pp. 7–9. (In Russian).
2. Gagarin V.G., Kozlov V.V. On the requirements for thermal protection and energy efficiency in the draft version of the updated snip «Thermal protection of buildings». Vestnik MGSU. 2011. No. 7, pp. 59–66. (In Russian).
3. Gagarin V.G., Kozlov V.V. On Integrated Thermal protection of the building envelope. AVOK. 2010. No. 4, pp. 52–65. (In Russian).
УДК 692.82
L.N. KIM, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (nik_0710@bk.ru), E.V. KASHULINA, Engineer OAO «TSNIIEP zhilykh i obshchestvennykh zdaniy (TSNIIEPzhilishcha)» (9, structure 3, Dmitrovskoye Highway, 127434, Moscow, Russian Federation) Design of Energy Efficient Translucent Structures with Specified Thermal Properties The development of energy efficient translucent structures (TS) is connected with the need to ensure the required level of heat protection, on the one hand, and the temperature over the dew point on opaque parts in accordance with SP 50.1330.2012 “Heat Protection of Buildings” (Actualized version of SNiP 23-02-2003), on the other hand. This multi-level problem can be solved only with the use of computer research methods. Keywords: energy efficiency, translucent structures, dew point, thermal properties, reduced total thermal resistance. References
1. Kim L.N., Magay A.A., Chernenko E.N. Increase of heatphysical qualities of translucent designs. Okna. Dveri. Fasady. 2011. No. 41, рр. 70–75. (In Russian).
2. Kim L.N., Kashulina E.V. Energoeffektivnost of the protecting designs which are heatpreserving translucent in large-panel housing construction (on the example of the R-N-D series). Zhilishchnoe Stroitel'stvo [Housing Construction]. 2014. No. 5, pp. 30–33. (In Russian).
3. Tikhomirnov S.I., Pantyukhov N.A., Shakhnes L.M. About practice design of the translucent protecting designs. Okna. Dveri. Fasady. 2012. No. 47, рр. 16–23. (In Russian).
4. Kim L.N. The factors defining the heat power efficiency of windows. Okna. Dveri. Fasady. 2013. № 50, рр. 40–44. (In Russian).
5. Kim L. N. Calculation method of a heattechnical evaluation of the window blocks, windows and knots of adjunctions. Okna. Dveri. Fasady. 2013. No. 49. рр. 36–38. (In Russian).
L.N. KIM, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (nik_0710@bk.ru), E.V. KASHULINA, Engineer OAO «TSNIIEP zhilykh i obshchestvennykh zdaniy (TSNIIEPzhilishcha)» (9, structure 3, Dmitrovskoye Highway, 127434, Moscow, Russian Federation) Design of Energy Efficient Translucent Structures with Specified Thermal Properties The development of energy efficient translucent structures (TS) is connected with the need to ensure the required level of heat protection, on the one hand, and the temperature over the dew point on opaque parts in accordance with SP 50.1330.2012 “Heat Protection of Buildings” (Actualized version of SNiP 23-02-2003), on the other hand. This multi-level problem can be solved only with the use of computer research methods. Keywords: energy efficiency, translucent structures, dew point, thermal properties, reduced total thermal resistance. References
1. Kim L.N., Magay A.A., Chernenko E.N. Increase of heatphysical qualities of translucent designs. Okna. Dveri. Fasady. 2011. No. 41, рр. 70–75. (In Russian).
2. Kim L.N., Kashulina E.V. Energoeffektivnost of the protecting designs which are heatpreserving translucent in large-panel housing construction (on the example of the R-N-D series). Zhilishchnoe Stroitel'stvo [Housing Construction]. 2014. No. 5, pp. 30–33. (In Russian).
3. Tikhomirnov S.I., Pantyukhov N.A., Shakhnes L.M. About practice design of the translucent protecting designs. Okna. Dveri. Fasady. 2012. No. 47, рр. 16–23. (In Russian).
4. Kim L.N. The factors defining the heat power efficiency of windows. Okna. Dveri. Fasady. 2013. № 50, рр. 40–44. (In Russian).
5. Kim L. N. Calculation method of a heattechnical evaluation of the window blocks, windows and knots of adjunctions. Okna. Dveri. Fasady. 2013. No. 49. рр. 36–38. (In Russian).
<b>УДК 628.8
V.T. IVANCHENKO, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), E.V. BASOV, Engineer (4263375@mail.ru), А.А. TRISHKINA, Engineer Kuban State Technological University (2 Moskovskaya Street, 350072, Krasnodar, Russian Federation) Creation of Optimal Temperature-Humidity Micro-Environment in Residential Buildings Execution of a structure without thermal bridges leads to increased heat losses. The calculation of thermal fields is done. On the basis of given isotherms, recommended theoretical models of units of basic enveloping structures are shown. The design of an energy-efficient building of required geometric form and orientation with the use of an efficient heat insulator is presented. The value of the deviation of the design value of specific heat consumption for heating the building during the heating period from the normative one is derived. Keywords: energy saving, temperature-humidity micro-environment, residential building, temperature fields, energy efficient building, heat insulator. References
1. Sheina S.G., Minenko A.N. The analysis and calculation of «cold bridges» for the purpose of increase of power efficiency of residential buildings. Inzhenernyi vestnik Dona. 2012. No. 4–1(22), pр. 131. (In Russian).
2. Boronbaev E.K. Energy saving architecture and thermal bridges in building protections. Vestnik KGUSTA. 2013. No. 4 (42), pp.130–136. (In Russian).
3. Borodin A.I., Chapanov Z.B. Taking note of humidity of the environment at calculation of thermal resistance to the protecting design. Izvestija vysshih uchebnyh zavedenij. Stroitel'stvo. 2009. No. 7, pp. 40–43. (In Russian).
4. Egorova T.S., Cherkas V.E. Increase of energy efficiency of buildings thanks to elimination of critical bridges of cold and continuous isolation of the acting construction designs. Vestnik MGSU. 2011. No. 3–1, pp. 421–428. (In Russian).
5. Lugovoj A.N. Increase of energy efficiency of the protecting designs. Stroitel'nye Materialy [Construction materiаls]. 2011. No. 3, pp. 32–33. (In Russian).
6. Oparina L.A. Definition of the concept «Power Effective Building». Zhilishchnoe Stroitel'stvo [Housing Construction]. 2010. No. 8, pp. 2–4. (In Russian).
7. Chertishhev V.V., Chertishhev V.V. Calculation of fields of temperatures and thermal streams in the motionless environment by method of final elements. Izvestija Altajskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. 2011. No. 1–2, pp .176–180. (In Russian).
8. Sapacheva L.V., Goreglyad S. Yu. Foam Glass for Eco- Friendly Construction in Russia. Stroitel'nye Materialy [Construction materiаls]. 2015. No. 1, pp. 30–31. (In Russian).
V.T. IVANCHENKO, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), E.V. BASOV, Engineer (4263375@mail.ru), А.А. TRISHKINA, Engineer Kuban State Technological University (2 Moskovskaya Street, 350072, Krasnodar, Russian Federation) Creation of Optimal Temperature-Humidity Micro-Environment in Residential Buildings Execution of a structure without thermal bridges leads to increased heat losses. The calculation of thermal fields is done. On the basis of given isotherms, recommended theoretical models of units of basic enveloping structures are shown. The design of an energy-efficient building of required geometric form and orientation with the use of an efficient heat insulator is presented. The value of the deviation of the design value of specific heat consumption for heating the building during the heating period from the normative one is derived. Keywords: energy saving, temperature-humidity micro-environment, residential building, temperature fields, energy efficient building, heat insulator. References
1. Sheina S.G., Minenko A.N. The analysis and calculation of «cold bridges» for the purpose of increase of power efficiency of residential buildings. Inzhenernyi vestnik Dona. 2012. No. 4–1(22), pр. 131. (In Russian).
2. Boronbaev E.K. Energy saving architecture and thermal bridges in building protections. Vestnik KGUSTA. 2013. No. 4 (42), pp.130–136. (In Russian).
3. Borodin A.I., Chapanov Z.B. Taking note of humidity of the environment at calculation of thermal resistance to the protecting design. Izvestija vysshih uchebnyh zavedenij. Stroitel'stvo. 2009. No. 7, pp. 40–43. (In Russian).
4. Egorova T.S., Cherkas V.E. Increase of energy efficiency of buildings thanks to elimination of critical bridges of cold and continuous isolation of the acting construction designs. Vestnik MGSU. 2011. No. 3–1, pp. 421–428. (In Russian).
5. Lugovoj A.N. Increase of energy efficiency of the protecting designs. Stroitel'nye Materialy [Construction materiаls]. 2011. No. 3, pp. 32–33. (In Russian).
6. Oparina L.A. Definition of the concept «Power Effective Building». Zhilishchnoe Stroitel'stvo [Housing Construction]. 2010. No. 8, pp. 2–4. (In Russian).
7. Chertishhev V.V., Chertishhev V.V. Calculation of fields of temperatures and thermal streams in the motionless environment by method of final elements. Izvestija Altajskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. 2011. No. 1–2, pp .176–180. (In Russian).
8. Sapacheva L.V., Goreglyad S. Yu. Foam Glass for Eco- Friendly Construction in Russia. Stroitel'nye Materialy [Construction materiаls]. 2015. No. 1, pp. 30–31. (In Russian).
УДК 711.4
S.G. SHEINA, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), E.V. MARTYNOVA, Engineer(marty-88@yandex.ru) Rostov State University of Civil Engineering (162 Sotsialisticheskaya Street, 344022, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation) Assessment of Energy Saving Potential of Housing Stock of a Municipal Formation The creation of conditions for sustainable development of territories and limitation of the negative impact on the human environment is based on ensuring the rational use of natural resources. The comprehensive development of energy saving technologies is able to make a major contribution in the transition to the sustainable way of development both of the country, as a whole, and individual cities. Therefore, at present, energy saving and improvement of energy efficiency in various spheres of management is a priority direction of the science, technique and technology as well as modernization and technological development of the Russian economy. Taking into account the necessity to execute the legislated requirements of energy efficiency to buildings, structures, and facilities, the conversion of development and planning of urban territories with due regard for energy saving becomes the prospective direction of the urban planning activity and is closely connected with the determination and investigation of the energy saving potential of the urban development. Keywords: energy saving, energy efficiency, urban development, housing stock, sustainable development of territories. References
1. Ageeva E.Yu. Architecture. Arkhitektura. Stroitel'stvo. Inzhenernye sistemy [Construction. Engineering systems]. Novosibirsk: Novosibirskii gosudarstvennyi tekhnicheskii universitet. 2012. 466 p.
2. Sheina S.G., Chulkov E.V., Sterekhovа N.V. Results of implementation of the municipal program for energy saving in housing stock of Rostov-on-Don. Novye tekhnologii. 2012. No. 3, pp. 142–148. (In Russian).
3. Dmitriyev A.N., Monastyrev P.V., Sborschikov S.B. Energosberezhenie v rekonstruiruemykh zdaniyakh [Energy saving in the reconstructed buildings]. Moscow: ASV. 2008. 208 p.
4. Kasyanov V.F., Tabakov N.A. The main approaches to updating of the developed territory of the cities. Nauchnoe obozrenie. 2012. No. 2, pp. 12–15. (In Russian).
5. Sheina S.G., Tabakov N.A., Fedyaevа P.V. Features of organizational and technological decisions at design of power effective buildings. Nauchnoe obozrenie. 2014. No. 7, pp. 538–543. (In Russian).
6. Golovanova L.A. Osnovy formirovaniya i otsenki rezul'tativnosti regional'noi politiki energosberezheniya [Bases of formation and assessment of productivity of regional policy of energy saving]. Khabarovsk: Tikhookeanskii gosudarstvennyi universitet. 2009. 213 p.
7. Matrosov Yu.A. Energosberezhenie v zdaniyakh. Problema i puti ee resheniya [Energy saving in buildings. Problem and ways of its decision]. Moscow: NIISF. 2008. 496 p. (In Russian).
8. Sheina S.G., Girya L.V., Martynova E.V., Minenko E.N., Fedyaeva P.V. Eksperimental'no-teoreticheskie issledovaniya effektivnosti energosberegayushchikh meropriyatii na ob''ektakh zhiloi zastroiki [Experimental and theoretical researches of efficiency of energy saving actions on objects of a housing estate]. Rostov-on-Don: Rostovskii gosudarstvennyi stroitel'nyi universitet. 2014. 157 р.
9. Sheina S.G. Eksperimental'no-teoreticheskie issledovaniya effektivnosti energosberegayushchikh meropriyatii na ob''ektakh zhiloi zastroiki. Rostov-na-Donu: Rostovskii gosudarstvennyi stroitel'nyi universitet [Strategic management of technical condition of housing stock of municipality]. Rostovon- Don: Rostovskii gosudarstvennyi stroitel'nyi universitet. 2012. 207 p.
S.G. SHEINA, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), E.V. MARTYNOVA, Engineer(marty-88@yandex.ru) Rostov State University of Civil Engineering (162 Sotsialisticheskaya Street, 344022, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation) Assessment of Energy Saving Potential of Housing Stock of a Municipal Formation The creation of conditions for sustainable development of territories and limitation of the negative impact on the human environment is based on ensuring the rational use of natural resources. The comprehensive development of energy saving technologies is able to make a major contribution in the transition to the sustainable way of development both of the country, as a whole, and individual cities. Therefore, at present, energy saving and improvement of energy efficiency in various spheres of management is a priority direction of the science, technique and technology as well as modernization and technological development of the Russian economy. Taking into account the necessity to execute the legislated requirements of energy efficiency to buildings, structures, and facilities, the conversion of development and planning of urban territories with due regard for energy saving becomes the prospective direction of the urban planning activity and is closely connected with the determination and investigation of the energy saving potential of the urban development. Keywords: energy saving, energy efficiency, urban development, housing stock, sustainable development of territories. References
1. Ageeva E.Yu. Architecture. Arkhitektura. Stroitel'stvo. Inzhenernye sistemy [Construction. Engineering systems]. Novosibirsk: Novosibirskii gosudarstvennyi tekhnicheskii universitet. 2012. 466 p.
2. Sheina S.G., Chulkov E.V., Sterekhovа N.V. Results of implementation of the municipal program for energy saving in housing stock of Rostov-on-Don. Novye tekhnologii. 2012. No. 3, pp. 142–148. (In Russian).
3. Dmitriyev A.N., Monastyrev P.V., Sborschikov S.B. Energosberezhenie v rekonstruiruemykh zdaniyakh [Energy saving in the reconstructed buildings]. Moscow: ASV. 2008. 208 p.
4. Kasyanov V.F., Tabakov N.A. The main approaches to updating of the developed territory of the cities. Nauchnoe obozrenie. 2012. No. 2, pp. 12–15. (In Russian).
5. Sheina S.G., Tabakov N.A., Fedyaevа P.V. Features of organizational and technological decisions at design of power effective buildings. Nauchnoe obozrenie. 2014. No. 7, pp. 538–543. (In Russian).
6. Golovanova L.A. Osnovy formirovaniya i otsenki rezul'tativnosti regional'noi politiki energosberezheniya [Bases of formation and assessment of productivity of regional policy of energy saving]. Khabarovsk: Tikhookeanskii gosudarstvennyi universitet. 2009. 213 p.
7. Matrosov Yu.A. Energosberezhenie v zdaniyakh. Problema i puti ee resheniya [Energy saving in buildings. Problem and ways of its decision]. Moscow: NIISF. 2008. 496 p. (In Russian).
8. Sheina S.G., Girya L.V., Martynova E.V., Minenko E.N., Fedyaeva P.V. Eksperimental'no-teoreticheskie issledovaniya effektivnosti energosberegayushchikh meropriyatii na ob''ektakh zhiloi zastroiki [Experimental and theoretical researches of efficiency of energy saving actions on objects of a housing estate]. Rostov-on-Don: Rostovskii gosudarstvennyi stroitel'nyi universitet. 2014. 157 р.
9. Sheina S.G. Eksperimental'no-teoreticheskie issledovaniya effektivnosti energosberegayushchikh meropriyatii na ob''ektakh zhiloi zastroiki. Rostov-na-Donu: Rostovskii gosudarstvennyi stroitel'nyi universitet [Strategic management of technical condition of housing stock of municipality]. Rostovon- Don: Rostovskii gosudarstvennyi stroitel'nyi universitet. 2012. 207 p.
УДК 72.03:470.620
O.S. SUBBOTIN, Candidate of Architecture (subbos@yandex.ru) Kuban State Agrarian University (13 Kalinina Street., 350044, Krasnodar, Russian Federation) Architectural and Town-Planning Culture of Maykop, the Mid-19th Century – the End of the 20th Century The article is devoted to the formation and development of architectural and town-planning culture of the city of Maykop. Characteristic features of the planning structure of the city in the middle of the XIX century – the end of the XX century are revealed. The architecture of residential, public and religious buildings of the specified period, their stylistic characteristic, and artistic image are considered. A significant place is given to the object of cultural heritage – the Holy Trinity Cathedral. The scheme of the historic core of the settlement at the present stage is presented; the main street of the historic town, main compositional axis, hub centers, etc. are accentuated. Three critical urban stage of the development of Maikop are identified. The emphasis is on the provisions of the town-planning concept of the master plan of the municipal formation “The City of Maykop”. The urgent problems arising in the course of solution of the main tasks of improving the quality of the urban environment are highlighted. Principles of preservation of historical-cultural and architectural-urban heritage are identified. Keywords: culture, structure, city, development, period, architecture, urban planning, preservation, heritage, architectural monuments. References
1. Subbotin O. S. Historical aspects of formation of architecture and town planning of Adygea (on the example of Maikop). Zhilishchnoe Stroitel'stvo [Housing Construction]. 2013. No. 4, pp. 51–55. (In Russian).
2. Koveshnikov V. N. Ocherki po toponimike Kubani [Sketches on toponymics of Kuban]. Krasnodar: Mir Kubani, 2006. 252 p.
3. Apostolov L.Ya. Geograficheskii ocherk Kubanskoi oblasti [Geografichesky sketch of the Kuban area]. Krasnodar: Traditsi, 2010. 320 p.
4. Nadezhdin P.P. Kavkazskii krai: priroda i lyudi [Caucasian edge: nature and people]. Krasnodar: Traditsi, 2010. 344 p.
5. Mazurik V. K. Neizvestnyi Maikop: istoricheskie ocherki. Kn. 2.: Maikopskaya khronika kontsa XIX stoletiya [Unknown Maikop: historical sketches. In Book 2.: Maikop chronicle of the end of the XIX century]. Maikop: Ayaks, 2006. 405 p.
6. Subbotin of O. S. Metodologiya of research of architectural and town-planning development of Kuban. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel'stvo [Housing Construction]. 2014. No. 8, pp. 29–34. (In Russian).
O.S. SUBBOTIN, Candidate of Architecture (subbos@yandex.ru) Kuban State Agrarian University (13 Kalinina Street., 350044, Krasnodar, Russian Federation) Architectural and Town-Planning Culture of Maykop, the Mid-19th Century – the End of the 20th Century The article is devoted to the formation and development of architectural and town-planning culture of the city of Maykop. Characteristic features of the planning structure of the city in the middle of the XIX century – the end of the XX century are revealed. The architecture of residential, public and religious buildings of the specified period, their stylistic characteristic, and artistic image are considered. A significant place is given to the object of cultural heritage – the Holy Trinity Cathedral. The scheme of the historic core of the settlement at the present stage is presented; the main street of the historic town, main compositional axis, hub centers, etc. are accentuated. Three critical urban stage of the development of Maikop are identified. The emphasis is on the provisions of the town-planning concept of the master plan of the municipal formation “The City of Maykop”. The urgent problems arising in the course of solution of the main tasks of improving the quality of the urban environment are highlighted. Principles of preservation of historical-cultural and architectural-urban heritage are identified. Keywords: culture, structure, city, development, period, architecture, urban planning, preservation, heritage, architectural monuments. References
1. Subbotin O. S. Historical aspects of formation of architecture and town planning of Adygea (on the example of Maikop). Zhilishchnoe Stroitel'stvo [Housing Construction]. 2013. No. 4, pp. 51–55. (In Russian).
2. Koveshnikov V. N. Ocherki po toponimike Kubani [Sketches on toponymics of Kuban]. Krasnodar: Mir Kubani, 2006. 252 p.
3. Apostolov L.Ya. Geograficheskii ocherk Kubanskoi oblasti [Geografichesky sketch of the Kuban area]. Krasnodar: Traditsi, 2010. 320 p.
4. Nadezhdin P.P. Kavkazskii krai: priroda i lyudi [Caucasian edge: nature and people]. Krasnodar: Traditsi, 2010. 344 p.
5. Mazurik V. K. Neizvestnyi Maikop: istoricheskie ocherki. Kn. 2.: Maikopskaya khronika kontsa XIX stoletiya [Unknown Maikop: historical sketches. In Book 2.: Maikop chronicle of the end of the XIX century]. Maikop: Ayaks, 2006. 405 p.
6. Subbotin of O. S. Metodologiya of research of architectural and town-planning development of Kuban. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel'stvo [Housing Construction]. 2014. No. 8, pp. 29–34. (In Russian).
A.A. MAGAY, N.N. STROEVA
Regional Architectural Features of Wellness Centers.......................39
Regional Architectural Features of Wellness Centers.......................39
УДК 725.75
A.A. MAGAY, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), N.N. STROEVA, Architect (natanik_s@mail.ru) OAO «TSNIIEP zhilykh i obshchestvennykh zdaniy (TSNIIEPzhilishcha)» (9, structure 3, Dmitrovskoye Highway, 127434, Moscow, Russian Federation) Regional Architectural Features of Wellness Centers The functional solutions of wellness centers are presented. On the basis of the analysis of wellness centers architecture in different countries of the world, specific trends characteristic for every region are considered. It is shown that the problem of the Russian design of wellness centers is blind copying of the Western experience without due regard for regional specificity, without using traditional Russian materials, national and climatic features of the architecture. Keywords: architecture, wellness center, SPA-complex, functional solution, space-planning arrangement. References
1. Sharabchiev Y.T. Spa and wellness: what is it? // Meditsinskie aspekty spa-industrii. 2013. No. 2, pp. 79–83. (In Russian).
2. Fedorova I.N. Wellness technologies as a new type of motor activity in working with students with disabilities in the state of health. Mezhdunarodnyi zhurnal prikladnykh i fundamental'nykh issledovanii. 2011. No. 12, pp. 99–100. (In Russian).
3. Bol’sherotova L.V., Bol’sherotov A.L. Problems of ecological safety in construction. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel'stvo [Housing Construction]. 2011. No. 3, pp. 78–80. (In Russian).
4. Bol’sherotov A.L., Bol’sherotova L.V. International Systems of Assessment of Ecological Safety of Construction. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel'stvo [Housing Construction]. 2012. No. 10, pp. 42–45. (In Russian).
5. Koryakina A.N. Features of formation of architecture spa complexes and wellness centers in Russia and abroad. Vestnik tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel'nogo universiteta. 2008. No. 1, pp. 14–21. (In Russian).
6. Ponyavina M.B., Boklykova A.G., Zubenko P.M. Trends and new types of services SPA-industry. Molodoi Uchenyi. 2014. No. 15-1, pp. 74–76. (In Russian).
7. Esaulov G.V. Contemporary problems and trends in architecture. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel'stvo [Housing Construction]. 2013. No. 11, pp. 20–26. (In Russian).
8. Mandra U.A., Korovin A.A. Biological monitoring as a basis for sustainable development of resorts and therapeutic areas. International Scientific and Practical Conference «Ustoichivoe razvitie osobo okhranyaemykh prirodnykh territorii i sokhranenie biologicheskogo raznoobraziya». Stavropol. 2013 pp. 92–95. (In Russian).
9. Efimenko N.V., Danilov S.R., Lyashenko S.N., Povolotskaya N.P. Specially protected natural areas as a basis for the functioning of resorts. Kurortnaya meditsina. 2013. No. 2, pp. 74–77. (In Russian).
A.A. MAGAY, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), N.N. STROEVA, Architect (natanik_s@mail.ru) OAO «TSNIIEP zhilykh i obshchestvennykh zdaniy (TSNIIEPzhilishcha)» (9, structure 3, Dmitrovskoye Highway, 127434, Moscow, Russian Federation) Regional Architectural Features of Wellness Centers The functional solutions of wellness centers are presented. On the basis of the analysis of wellness centers architecture in different countries of the world, specific trends characteristic for every region are considered. It is shown that the problem of the Russian design of wellness centers is blind copying of the Western experience without due regard for regional specificity, without using traditional Russian materials, national and climatic features of the architecture. Keywords: architecture, wellness center, SPA-complex, functional solution, space-planning arrangement. References
1. Sharabchiev Y.T. Spa and wellness: what is it? // Meditsinskie aspekty spa-industrii. 2013. No. 2, pp. 79–83. (In Russian).
2. Fedorova I.N. Wellness technologies as a new type of motor activity in working with students with disabilities in the state of health. Mezhdunarodnyi zhurnal prikladnykh i fundamental'nykh issledovanii. 2011. No. 12, pp. 99–100. (In Russian).
3. Bol’sherotova L.V., Bol’sherotov A.L. Problems of ecological safety in construction. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel'stvo [Housing Construction]. 2011. No. 3, pp. 78–80. (In Russian).
4. Bol’sherotov A.L., Bol’sherotova L.V. International Systems of Assessment of Ecological Safety of Construction. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel'stvo [Housing Construction]. 2012. No. 10, pp. 42–45. (In Russian).
5. Koryakina A.N. Features of formation of architecture spa complexes and wellness centers in Russia and abroad. Vestnik tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel'nogo universiteta. 2008. No. 1, pp. 14–21. (In Russian).
6. Ponyavina M.B., Boklykova A.G., Zubenko P.M. Trends and new types of services SPA-industry. Molodoi Uchenyi. 2014. No. 15-1, pp. 74–76. (In Russian).
7. Esaulov G.V. Contemporary problems and trends in architecture. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel'stvo [Housing Construction]. 2013. No. 11, pp. 20–26. (In Russian).
8. Mandra U.A., Korovin A.A. Biological monitoring as a basis for sustainable development of resorts and therapeutic areas. International Scientific and Practical Conference «Ustoichivoe razvitie osobo okhranyaemykh prirodnykh territorii i sokhranenie biologicheskogo raznoobraziya». Stavropol. 2013 pp. 92–95. (In Russian).
9. Efimenko N.V., Danilov S.R., Lyashenko S.N., Povolotskaya N.P. Specially protected natural areas as a basis for the functioning of resorts. Kurortnaya meditsina. 2013. No. 2, pp. 74–77. (In Russian).
УДК 691.327:666.972.54
G.S. SLAVCHEVA, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (gslavcheva@yandex.ru), K.S. KOTOVA, Engineer Voronezh State University of Architecture and Сivil Engineering(84, 20-letija Oktjabrja Street, 394006, Voronezh, Russian Federation) Improving the Efficiency of Non-Autoclaved Cellular Concretes (Foam Concretes) in Construction A comprehensive assessment of properties of structural and structural-heat insulation non-autoclaved cellular concrete (foam concrete) made of various types of raw materials is presented. A techno-economic evaluation of this concrete is made; the efficiency of its use in the low-rise monolithic construction is shown. Problem areas of research, development of which is essential for the wider introduction of these concretes into the building practice, are identified. Keywords: energy saving, non-autoclaved cellular concretes, monolithic low-rise construction, techno- economic evaluation. References
1. Pukharenko Yu.V. Prochnost and durability cellular fibrobeton. Stroitel'nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2004. No. 12, рр. 40–41. (In Russian).
2. Morgun L.V. Theoretical justification and experimental development of technology of high-strength fibropenobeton. Stroitel'nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2005. No. 6, рр. 59–64. (In Russian).
3. Yudovich B.E., Zubekhin S.A. Submikrokristallichesky foam concrete: new in bases technology. Cement i ego primenenie. 2009. No. 1, рр. 81–85. (In Russian).
4. Baranov I.M. rams foam concrete not autoclave on zolosilikatny knitting. Stroitel'nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2009. No. 8, рр. 28–29. (In Russian).
5. Choubin I.L., Umnyakova N.P., Yarmakovsky V.N. Osobo light concrete of new modifications – for the solution of problems of energy saving. In protection of domestic technologies. Tekhnologii stroitel'stva. 2012. No. 4, рр. 42. (In Russian).
6. Pimenova L.N., Kudyakov A.I. Penobeton modified by silica gel. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturnostroitel'nogo universiteta. 2013. No. 2 (39), рр. 229–234. (In Russian).
7. Strokova V.V., Pavlenko N.V., Kapusta М.N. The principles of receiving cellular fibrobeton with application nanostructured knitting. Academia. Arkhitektura i stroitel'stvo. 2013. No. 3, рр. 114–117. (In Russian).
8. Ukhova T.A., Fiskind E.S. Complex application of not autoclave porobeton and porofibrobeton in construction of low inhabited houses. Tekhnologii betonov. 2012. No. 5–6, рр. 71–72. (In Russian).
9. Krylov B.A., Kirichenko V.V. Power effective technology of production of foam-concrete products. Tekhnologii betonov. 2013. No. 12 (89), рр. 47–49. (In Russian).
10. Svinaryov A.V., Glushkov A.M., Tysyachuk V.D., Kuprin A.A. Tekhnologichesky the TM-25 module for production not autoclave the fibrope-nobetonnykh of products. Stroitel'nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2014. No. 6, рр. 4–7. (In Russian).
11. Chernyshov E.M., Slavcheva G.S., Potamoshneva N.D. Porizovannye concrete for heateffective houses. Izvestiya vuzov. Stroitel'stvo. No. 5. 2002, рр. 31–36. (In Russian).
12. Chernyshov E.M., Slavcheva G.S., Potamoshneva N.D. Porizovannye concrete for heateffective houses (part 2). Izvestiya vuzov. Stroitel'stvo. No. 9. 2003, рр. 27–34. (In Russian).
G.S. SLAVCHEVA, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (gslavcheva@yandex.ru), K.S. KOTOVA, Engineer Voronezh State University of Architecture and Сivil Engineering(84, 20-letija Oktjabrja Street, 394006, Voronezh, Russian Federation) Improving the Efficiency of Non-Autoclaved Cellular Concretes (Foam Concretes) in Construction A comprehensive assessment of properties of structural and structural-heat insulation non-autoclaved cellular concrete (foam concrete) made of various types of raw materials is presented. A techno-economic evaluation of this concrete is made; the efficiency of its use in the low-rise monolithic construction is shown. Problem areas of research, development of which is essential for the wider introduction of these concretes into the building practice, are identified. Keywords: energy saving, non-autoclaved cellular concretes, monolithic low-rise construction, techno- economic evaluation. References
1. Pukharenko Yu.V. Prochnost and durability cellular fibrobeton. Stroitel'nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2004. No. 12, рр. 40–41. (In Russian).
2. Morgun L.V. Theoretical justification and experimental development of technology of high-strength fibropenobeton. Stroitel'nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2005. No. 6, рр. 59–64. (In Russian).
3. Yudovich B.E., Zubekhin S.A. Submikrokristallichesky foam concrete: new in bases technology. Cement i ego primenenie. 2009. No. 1, рр. 81–85. (In Russian).
4. Baranov I.M. rams foam concrete not autoclave on zolosilikatny knitting. Stroitel'nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2009. No. 8, рр. 28–29. (In Russian).
5. Choubin I.L., Umnyakova N.P., Yarmakovsky V.N. Osobo light concrete of new modifications – for the solution of problems of energy saving. In protection of domestic technologies. Tekhnologii stroitel'stva. 2012. No. 4, рр. 42. (In Russian).
6. Pimenova L.N., Kudyakov A.I. Penobeton modified by silica gel. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturnostroitel'nogo universiteta. 2013. No. 2 (39), рр. 229–234. (In Russian).
7. Strokova V.V., Pavlenko N.V., Kapusta М.N. The principles of receiving cellular fibrobeton with application nanostructured knitting. Academia. Arkhitektura i stroitel'stvo. 2013. No. 3, рр. 114–117. (In Russian).
8. Ukhova T.A., Fiskind E.S. Complex application of not autoclave porobeton and porofibrobeton in construction of low inhabited houses. Tekhnologii betonov. 2012. No. 5–6, рр. 71–72. (In Russian).
9. Krylov B.A., Kirichenko V.V. Power effective technology of production of foam-concrete products. Tekhnologii betonov. 2013. No. 12 (89), рр. 47–49. (In Russian).
10. Svinaryov A.V., Glushkov A.M., Tysyachuk V.D., Kuprin A.A. Tekhnologichesky the TM-25 module for production not autoclave the fibrope-nobetonnykh of products. Stroitel'nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2014. No. 6, рр. 4–7. (In Russian).
11. Chernyshov E.M., Slavcheva G.S., Potamoshneva N.D. Porizovannye concrete for heateffective houses. Izvestiya vuzov. Stroitel'stvo. No. 5. 2002, рр. 31–36. (In Russian).
12. Chernyshov E.M., Slavcheva G.S., Potamoshneva N.D. Porizovannye concrete for heateffective houses (part 2). Izvestiya vuzov. Stroitel'stvo. No. 9. 2003, рр. 27–34. (In Russian).
УДК 624.014
R.R. VAKHTEL, Master of Technique and Technology (v_roman@bk.ru) Kazan State University of Architecture and Engineering (1 Zelenaya Street, 420043, Kazan, Russian Federation) Optimal Designing of Frame Structures of Solid Cross-Section and Frames with Splitting in Level of a Cornice Unit At present the use of light metal structures of complete delivery is a priority direction of construction of civil buildings. The article considers two- and three-hinged steel frames of solid cross-section as well as the frame with splitting in the level of the cornice unit for which the laws of mass variation are presented. On the basis of analytic studies, the solution of an optimal inclination angle of the girder αопт, which is 30–40о for frames of solid cross-section and permanent rigidity has been obtained. For frames with splitting in the level of the cornice unit, this angle is 30–45о. At that, the boundaries of rationality of the girder inclination angle have been established within the range of 20–40о and the increase in the mass is not more than 10%. In the range of angles of 0–20о the increase in the mass is substantial and is equal to ~ 25%. Keywords: frame of solid cross-section, girder, static calculation, structural form, cornice angle. References
1. Katyushin V.V. Knots of racks of frames of variable section with diagonal flange connections. Montazhnye i spetsial'nye raboty v stroitel'stve. 2012. No. 8, рр. 24–27. (In Russian).
2. Patent RF № 2263190. Stal'naya rama [Steel frame] / Kuznetsov I.L., Vakhtel' R.R. Declared 05.04.2004. Published 27.10.2005. Bulletin №30. (In Russian).
3. Vakhtel' R.R., Isaev A.V., Efimov O.I., Zakirov R.A. To calculation of a frame with splitting of section in the level of eaves knot. Sovremennye problemy nauki i obrazovaniya: Internet-journal. 2014. No. 6. http:// www.scienceeducation. ru/120-15704 (date of access: 03.07.2015). (In Russian).
4. Vakhtel' R.R., Isaev A.V. Determination of optimum parameters of steel frames. Effective construction designs: Theory and practice. The XIII International scientificprakticheky conference. Penza. 2013, pp. 22–25. (In Russian).
R.R. VAKHTEL, Master of Technique and Technology (v_roman@bk.ru) Kazan State University of Architecture and Engineering (1 Zelenaya Street, 420043, Kazan, Russian Federation) Optimal Designing of Frame Structures of Solid Cross-Section and Frames with Splitting in Level of a Cornice Unit At present the use of light metal structures of complete delivery is a priority direction of construction of civil buildings. The article considers two- and three-hinged steel frames of solid cross-section as well as the frame with splitting in the level of the cornice unit for which the laws of mass variation are presented. On the basis of analytic studies, the solution of an optimal inclination angle of the girder αопт, which is 30–40о for frames of solid cross-section and permanent rigidity has been obtained. For frames with splitting in the level of the cornice unit, this angle is 30–45о. At that, the boundaries of rationality of the girder inclination angle have been established within the range of 20–40о and the increase in the mass is not more than 10%. In the range of angles of 0–20о the increase in the mass is substantial and is equal to ~ 25%. Keywords: frame of solid cross-section, girder, static calculation, structural form, cornice angle. References
1. Katyushin V.V. Knots of racks of frames of variable section with diagonal flange connections. Montazhnye i spetsial'nye raboty v stroitel'stve. 2012. No. 8, рр. 24–27. (In Russian).
2. Patent RF № 2263190. Stal'naya rama [Steel frame] / Kuznetsov I.L., Vakhtel' R.R. Declared 05.04.2004. Published 27.10.2005. Bulletin №30. (In Russian).
3. Vakhtel' R.R., Isaev A.V., Efimov O.I., Zakirov R.A. To calculation of a frame with splitting of section in the level of eaves knot. Sovremennye problemy nauki i obrazovaniya: Internet-journal. 2014. No. 6. http:// www.scienceeducation. ru/120-15704 (date of access: 03.07.2015). (In Russian).
4. Vakhtel' R.R., Isaev A.V. Determination of optimum parameters of steel frames. Effective construction designs: Theory and practice. The XIII International scientificprakticheky conference. Penza. 2013, pp. 22–25. (In Russian).
УДК 699.841
A.V. MASLYAEV, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (victor3705@mail.ru) Volgograd State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (1 Akademicheskaya Street, 400074, Volgograd, Russian Federation) Analysis of the Paradigm of CR 14.13330.2014 on Providing the Earthquake Protection of Buildings of Increased Liability at Earthquake Since in the Russian Federation the basic part of buildings and constructions is placed in cities, the article substantiates the paradigm of their seismic protection only on the basis of protection of settlements against earthquakes. However, in the Construction Regulation 14.13330.2014 earthquake protection of settlements is absent. In this document buildings and constructions are considered as freestanding outside of settlements, it makes it possible to evaluate the duration of life cycles of buildings and structures as 50 years and allows designers to use the minimal seismic danger according to the seismic map A in their calculations. In the proposed paradigm the author substantiates the duration of the life cycle of a settlement as one thousand years and more that demands to use only the maximum seismic danger for its seismic protection. Since the protection of the settlement at earthquakes depends on seismic protection of its basic buildings and structures, therefore, when calculating structures, specialists should use also only the maximum seismic danger. The article analyzes other shortcomings in CR 14.13330.2014 which reduce the seismic protection of buildings and structures and proposes alternative technical decisions. Keywords: paradigm, settlements, buildings and structures, life and health of people. References
1. Masljaev A.V. Protection of settlements of Russia from influence of the dangerous natural phenomena. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel'stvo [Housing Construction]. 2014. No. 4, pp. 40–43. (In Russian).
2. Masljaev A.V. Core criteria of seismoprotection of buildings and constructions at earthquake. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel'stvo [Housing Construction]. 2008. No. 12, pp. 24–26. (In Russian).
3. Masljaev A.V. Substantiation of protection of life and health of the population of Russia in buildings at earthquake in federal laws and standard documents of the Russian Federation. Vestnik VolgGASU: Stroitel'stvo i arkhitektura. 2015. No. 39 (58), pp. 94–99. (In Russian).
4. Ananin I.V. Influence of recurrence of seismic influences on a damage rate of buildings . Istochniki i vozdeistvie razrushitel'nykh seismicheskikh kolebanii. Voprosy inzhenernoi seismologii. M.: AN SSSR. Institut fiziki Zemli im. O.Yu. Shmidta. 1990. V. 31, pp. 142–148. (In Russian).
5. Obozov V.I., Mamayevа G.V. Analiz of dynamic characteristics of large-panel buildings. Seismostoikoe stroitel'stvo. Bezopasnost' sooruzhenii. 2006. No. 1, pp. 48–55. (In Russian).
6. Ulomov V.I. Earthquake in Armenia: elements and responsibility. Arkhitektura i stroitel'stvo Uzbekistana. 1989. No. 12, pp. 1–4. (In Russian).
7. Masljaev A.V. Time between the first pushes of earthquake to Haiti it was defined in advance. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel'stvo [Housing Construction]. 2010. No. 2, pp. 26–27. (In Russian).
8. Masljaev A.V. Seismic stability of buildings taking into account repeated strong pushes at earthquake. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel'stvo. 2008. No. 3, pp. 45–47. (In Russian).
9. Masljaev A.V. Maximum permissibl a damage rate in buildings and Constructions of the raised responsibility while in service before earthquake. Vestnik VolgGASU: Stroitel'stvo i arkhitektura. 2012. No. 29 (48), pp. 80–85. (In Russian).
10. Alyoshin A.S., Kapustjan N.K., Aptikaev F.F., Erteleva O.O. Response about project СНиП «Building in seismic paradise-onah». Seismostoikoe stroitel'stvo. Bezopasnost' sooruzhenii. 2008. No. 2, pp. 26–27. (In Russian).
11. Masljaev A.V. Preservation of health of the people who are in buildings at earthquake. Prirodnye i tekhnogennye riski. Bezopasnost' sooruzhenii. 2014. No. 2, pp. 38–42. (In Russian).
A.V. MASLYAEV, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (victor3705@mail.ru) Volgograd State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (1 Akademicheskaya Street, 400074, Volgograd, Russian Federation) Analysis of the Paradigm of CR 14.13330.2014 on Providing the Earthquake Protection of Buildings of Increased Liability at Earthquake Since in the Russian Federation the basic part of buildings and constructions is placed in cities, the article substantiates the paradigm of their seismic protection only on the basis of protection of settlements against earthquakes. However, in the Construction Regulation 14.13330.2014 earthquake protection of settlements is absent. In this document buildings and constructions are considered as freestanding outside of settlements, it makes it possible to evaluate the duration of life cycles of buildings and structures as 50 years and allows designers to use the minimal seismic danger according to the seismic map A in their calculations. In the proposed paradigm the author substantiates the duration of the life cycle of a settlement as one thousand years and more that demands to use only the maximum seismic danger for its seismic protection. Since the protection of the settlement at earthquakes depends on seismic protection of its basic buildings and structures, therefore, when calculating structures, specialists should use also only the maximum seismic danger. The article analyzes other shortcomings in CR 14.13330.2014 which reduce the seismic protection of buildings and structures and proposes alternative technical decisions. Keywords: paradigm, settlements, buildings and structures, life and health of people. References
1. Masljaev A.V. Protection of settlements of Russia from influence of the dangerous natural phenomena. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel'stvo [Housing Construction]. 2014. No. 4, pp. 40–43. (In Russian).
2. Masljaev A.V. Core criteria of seismoprotection of buildings and constructions at earthquake. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel'stvo [Housing Construction]. 2008. No. 12, pp. 24–26. (In Russian).
3. Masljaev A.V. Substantiation of protection of life and health of the population of Russia in buildings at earthquake in federal laws and standard documents of the Russian Federation. Vestnik VolgGASU: Stroitel'stvo i arkhitektura. 2015. No. 39 (58), pp. 94–99. (In Russian).
4. Ananin I.V. Influence of recurrence of seismic influences on a damage rate of buildings . Istochniki i vozdeistvie razrushitel'nykh seismicheskikh kolebanii. Voprosy inzhenernoi seismologii. M.: AN SSSR. Institut fiziki Zemli im. O.Yu. Shmidta. 1990. V. 31, pp. 142–148. (In Russian).
5. Obozov V.I., Mamayevа G.V. Analiz of dynamic characteristics of large-panel buildings. Seismostoikoe stroitel'stvo. Bezopasnost' sooruzhenii. 2006. No. 1, pp. 48–55. (In Russian).
6. Ulomov V.I. Earthquake in Armenia: elements and responsibility. Arkhitektura i stroitel'stvo Uzbekistana. 1989. No. 12, pp. 1–4. (In Russian).
7. Masljaev A.V. Time between the first pushes of earthquake to Haiti it was defined in advance. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel'stvo [Housing Construction]. 2010. No. 2, pp. 26–27. (In Russian).
8. Masljaev A.V. Seismic stability of buildings taking into account repeated strong pushes at earthquake. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel'stvo. 2008. No. 3, pp. 45–47. (In Russian).
9. Masljaev A.V. Maximum permissibl a damage rate in buildings and Constructions of the raised responsibility while in service before earthquake. Vestnik VolgGASU: Stroitel'stvo i arkhitektura. 2012. No. 29 (48), pp. 80–85. (In Russian).
10. Alyoshin A.S., Kapustjan N.K., Aptikaev F.F., Erteleva O.O. Response about project СНиП «Building in seismic paradise-onah». Seismostoikoe stroitel'stvo. Bezopasnost' sooruzhenii. 2008. No. 2, pp. 26–27. (In Russian).
11. Masljaev A.V. Preservation of health of the people who are in buildings at earthquake. Prirodnye i tekhnogennye riski. Bezopasnost' sooruzhenii. 2014. No. 2, pp. 38–42. (In Russian).
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